Changes in carbon footprint with urbanization :: Case study in DKI Jakarta

DEWI, Budi Ayu Kusuma, Prof. Shinji Kaneko

2009 | Tesis | S2 Magister Ekonomika Pembangunan

The objectives of this study are: a. To compare the embodied carbon intensities between DKI Jakarta and Indonesia b. To describe which sectors give the largest contribution to carbon development in DKI Jakarta and Indonesia. c. To see the effect that urbanization has on indirect energy consumption and direct energy consumption in DKI Jakarta. Calculation shows that electricity sector has the biggest embodied CO2(formula) intensity both for Indonesia and DKI Jakarta in 1995, 2000, and 2005. The carbon footprint in Indonesia increased 54.38 percent from 124.31 Million ton (Mt) CO2(formula) in 1995 to 191.91 Mt CO2(formula) in 2000. For 2005 the number of CO2(formula) emission was estimated to be 241.95 Mt CO2(formula). Therefore, DKI Jakarta contributed 24.57 percent of the total national CO2(formula) emission in 1995 while for 2000 and 2005 contribution of DKI Jakarta was 18.86 percent and 20.52 percent of the total national CO2(formula) emission. Sectoral contributions to CO2(formula) emissions vary, depending on each component and time. For example, DKI Jakarta in 1995, CO2(formula) emission induced by consumption mainly came from the transportation sector, the hotel and restaurant sector, the public administration sector, the finance sector, and the electricity sector. Whereas CO2(formula) emission from consumption in 2000 induced by the transportation sector, the other services sector, the hotel and restaurant sector, the finance sector and the electricity sector. In DKI Jakarta, as the city population became denser, the total CO2(formula) emission produced from economic activities increased but the composition between direct and indirect CO2(formula) emission varied. The relation between direct and indirect CO2(formula) emission can be performed in the responsible CO2(formula) emission of DKI Jakarta. The percentage of responsible CO2(formula) emission of DKI Jakarta for 1995, 2000, and 2005 were 74.56 percent, 52.78 percent, and 63.05 percent. The change of industrial structural shows that Urbanization in DKI Jakarta has not changed yet the role of industrial sector to DKI Jakarta’s economy. Even the service sector has started to grow up, the change of share of the industrial sector is still higher than service sector. It affects the indirect energy inflow DKI Jakarta, because as the role of industry sector became more dominant, the proportion of indirect energy will decrease. This result is in line with the decreasing level of economic external dependency of DKI Jakarta

Kata Kunci : Carbon footprint,Embodied carbon intensities,Urbanization,CO2 emissions