The performance of Indonesian basic education and the Japanese experience

KUSWINARTI, Wiwin Wulan, Prof. Makoto Kojima

2009 | Tesis | S2 Magister Ekonomika Pembangunan

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The performance of basic education in Indonesia shows significant improvement as the result of various programs and measurements, which had been conducted. The performance of high literacy rate and net enrolment rate is part of the picture on the progress that has been achieved by the development. Unfortunately, the success is not complete since the progress is still focused on primary school level. In line with the educational policy of Indonesia which is set as nine year compulsory basic education, more focusing on the education development at the level of junior high school is a must with more investment in rehabilitating existing education infrastructure and improving the quality of instruction at the level of primary school. The application of national policy on Biaya Operasional Sekolah (BOS) program or school operational funds program, which is supported by local government policy on Biaya Operasional Sekolah Daerah (BOSDA) or local school operational funds and Jaminan Pendidikan Daear (JPD) or local education guarantee in Yogyakarta resulted in significant benefits in the basic education services. However, various reforms on the formulation are still needed in order to optimize the potential benefits in the future. Returning to the basic aim of the program that it is intended to provide the right of all citizen in obtaining nine years compulsory education, the formulation of the program should touch all of the Indonesian people, especially the poor and lower middle family. Eventually, affordable high quality basic education services could be perceived by all Indonesian people. In Japan, the modern school system, which started in 1872, has brought Japanese to reach the stage of universal primary education. The comprehensive coordination between central government and local government, both in the level of municipality and prefecture, is the feature which supported the further success of educational development in Japan. The other feature of Japanese educational development is the important role of private sector through providing education services in the private educational institutions. By institutionalizing such matter of educational standard reference, Japan could maintain the provision of equal opportunities in education. For more improvement in the performance of basic education in Indonesia, both quantitatively and qualitatively, formulation reform on existing programs is a must. Learning from the experience of Japan, Indonesian government should give more opportunities for the private sector to give support on the education development in Indonesia. The responsibility of providing basic education in Indonesia indeed is on the government. However, due to the limited budget of Indonesia, the support of private sector will make the affordable basic education services more accessible. Furthermore, strengthening the comprehensive coordination liaisons between the central government and local government is the key factor for the success of the program.

Kata Kunci : Pendidikan dasar,Biaya operasional sekolah,BOS,BOSDA (Bantuan Operasional Sekolah Daerah),JPD (Jaminan Pendidikan Daerah)