Ketahanan ekonomi masyarakat miskin :: Kasus etnis Tionghoa di Kampung Sewan Lebak, Kelurahan Mekarsari Kecamatan Neglasari Kota Tangerang

SLAMET, Supriyadi, Prof. Dr. Djoko Soerjo, MA

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ketahanan Nasional

Kemiskinan adalah kata yang sangat sederhana, namun mengandung arti yang sangat dalam dan menjadi persoalan yang populer di seluruh dunia, sehingga sangat menarik dan menjadi penting untuk ditelaah sebagai sebuah tesis dengan judul “Ketahanan Ekonomi Masyarakat Miskin”. Tesis ini mendeskripsikan kemiskinan yang dialami sebagian warga etnis Tionghoa di kampung Sewan Lebak, kelurahan Mekarsari, kecamatan Neglasari, kota Tangerang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dengan cara peninjauan langsung kepada obyek penelitian kemudian diberikan kuesioner untuk dijawab disertai wawancara mendalam selanjutnya hasil tabulasi data tersebut dianalisa melalui metode deskriptif kualitatif. Landasan berfikir sebagai teori terpilih yang menyertai penelitian ini adalah teori strategi dan politik pembangunan lebih diprioritaskan kepada tujuan memenuhi kebutuhan pokok penduduk dari tiap-tiap negara. Kebijakan pemerintah kota Tangerang dalam memberdayakan masyarakat miskin telah dilakukan sesuai dengan visi dan misi, demikian pula dengan keterlibatan organisasi non pemerintah telah banyak berperan penting dalam bentuk nyatanya yaitu, pada Proyek Penanggulangan Kemiskinan di Perkotaan (P2KP). Strategi komunitas dan keluarga merupakan jaringan antar individu yang saling berkaitan sehingga menguatkan rasa percaya diri dan terjadi timbal balik diantara anggota komunitas membuat etnis miskin Tionghoa dapat bertahan hidup. Begitupula faktor budaya dari tanah leluhur (daratan Cina) yang melekat tidak mudah dihilangkan, hal ini merupakan salah satu kunci keberhasilan ketahanan ekonomi etnis Tionghoa sampai sekarang. Kontribusi dari tesis ini, diharapkan pemerintah kota Tangerang dapat mempelajari kondisi ketahanan ekonomi etnis Tionghoa miskin sehingga dapat dihasilkan pilihan model pemberdayaan dalam mengatasi kemiskinan di kampung Sewan Lebak. Hasil dari penelitian yang dilakukan, menunjukkan bahwa kemiskinan terjadi akibat kemalasan masyarakat yang ada di dalam dirinya dalam hal ini budaya yang dibawa dari negara asal (faktor internal), dan tidak adanya kepedulian masyarakat di luar kampung Sewan serta tidak adanya pemberdayaan secara nyata dari pemerintah kota Tangerang terhadap kondisi yang dihadapi warga etnis Tionghoa (faktor eksternal). Model pemberdayaan masyarakat untuk mengatasi kemiskinan terletak pada hubungan harmonis komunikatif bersinergi, mengedepankan proses kontak sosial secara transformatif serta mengedepankan aktualisasi diri dan koaktualisasi eksistensi komunitas dan keluarga.

Poverty is a very simple word but contains a very deep meaning. It becomes a very popular problem around the world, and so interested and became important to be studied as a thesis with the title of “Poor resilience of the Community's Economics”. This thesis described poverty that was experienced by some residents of the Tionghoa ethnic group in the village of Sewan Lebak, the Mekar sari district, the Neglasari, Tangerang. The research method that was used by means of the direct survey to the object of the research afterwards was given the questionnaire to it was replied be accompanied by the further deep interview results of tabulation of this data were analysed through the descriptive method qualitative. The base thought about as the theory being chosen that accompanied this research was the theory of the strategy and development politics more was given priority to to the aim of satisfying the requirement for the subject of the inhabitants from each country. The policy of the government of the Tangerang in empowering the poor community was carried out in accordance with the point of view and the mission, likewise with the involvement of the organisation of the non government often played an important role in the form of the The Control Project of Poverty in Urban areas (P2KP). The community's strategy and the family were the network between the connected individual mutually so as to strengthen the feeling of the self-confidence and to happen reciprocal around the community's member made the ethnic group poor Tionghoa could survive. The cultural factor from the ancestors's land (the Chinese mainland) that adhered was not easy to be eliminated, also as one of the keys to the success of Tionghoa endurance of ethnic economics until now. The contribution from this thesis, the government of the Tangerang could study the condition for Tionghoa endurance of ethnic economics poor so as to be able to be produced by the choice of the empowerment model in overcoming poverty in the village of Sewan Lebak. Results of the research that was carried out, showed that poverty happened resulting from the community's available laziness in himself in this case the culture that was carried from the origin country (the internal factor), and the nonexistence of the interest of the community outside the Sewan village as well as the nonexistence of empowerment obviously from the government of the Tangerang city towards the condition that was dealt with by the resident of the Tionghoa ethnic group (the external factor). This model was located in harmonious relations communication, put the process of social contact 16 in a transformative manner forward as well as put the self-actualisation and the co-actualisation of the existence of the community and the family forward.

Kata Kunci : Kemiskinan,Etnis Tionghoa,Ketahanan ekonomi ; Poverty, the Tionghoa ethnic group, economic resilience