Pengaruh taraf penambahan kitosan pada bahan pakan sumber protein terhadap aktivitas degradasi mikrobia rumen secara in vitro dan in sacco

HERDIAN, Hendra, Prof. Dr. Ir. Ristianto Utomo, SU

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Peternakan

Pada penelitian ini dilakukan kajian penggunaan kitosan sebagai pelindung bahan pakan sumber protein terhadap degradasi mikrobia rumen pada ternak ruminansia menggunakan metode kecernaan in vitro dua tahap, pengukuran protein bahan tidak terikat, dan degradasi bahan in sacco. Dua bahan pakan sumber protein yaitu bungkil kedelai dan tepung ikan dikombinasikan dengan tujuh level perlakuan kitosan (0,0%; 0,5%;1,0%; 1,5%, 2,0%), asam asetat 1,0%, dan formaldehid 1,0% digunakan sebagai perlakuan. Variabel yang diukur meliputi : kandungan protein tidak terikat (KPT), kecernaan bahan kering (KcBK) dan bahan organik (KcBO), kandungan amonia (NH3) dan asam lemak volatile (VFA) cairan rumen, degradasi bahan kering (DtBK), bahan organik (DtBO) dan protein (DtPK). Penambahan kitosan berpengaruh nyata (P<0,01) terhadap KPT. Penambahan kitosan 1,0% dan 1,5% memberikan pengaruh yang sama dengan penambahan formaldehid 1,0% yang menghasilkan nilai KPT terendah yaitu berturut-turut (mg/mL): 109,14; 106,03; 100,03. Pada sistim pencernaan rumen penambahan kitosan berpengaruh nyata terhadap KcBK dan KcBO. Nilai KcBK dan KcBO terendah diperoleh pada perlakuan formaldehid 1,0% dengan nilai berturut-turut (19,19%; 19,79%), dikuti oleh perlakuan kitosan 1,5% (43,06%;39,72%) dan 1,0% (48,15%; 51,42%). Pada sistim pencernaan pasca rumen penambahan kitosan berpengaruh nyata (P<0,01) terhadap KcBK dan KcBO. Nilai kecernaan terendah dihasilkan perlakuan formaldehid 1,0% (80,86%; 68,18%) sedangkan perlakuan lainnya menghasilkan nilai KcBK dan KcBO yang berbeda tidak nyata dengan perlakuan kitosan 0,0% Perlakuan kitosan berpengaruh nyata terhadap kandungan NH3. Kandungan NH3 terendah terjadi akibat perlakuan formaldehid 1,0% (39,78 mg/L). diikuti oleh efek perlakuan kitosan 1,0% dan asetat 1,0% (298,07; 342,50 mg/L). Perlakuan kitosan berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap proporsi dan kandungan total VFA. Nilai DtBK, DtBO dan DtPK terpengaruh (P<0,01) oleh perlakuan sumber protein, dan aditif kitosan. Perlakuan formaldehid 1,0% memberikan nilai terendah untuk DtBK, DtBO dan DtPK dengan nilai berturut-turut 32,73%; 34,22%; 44,94%. DtBK terendah setelah formaldehid 1,0% adalah kelompok aditif kitosan 1,5%; 1,0%; 2,0% dengan nilai 32,73 %; 47,34%; 49,00%. Nilai DtBO terendah berikutnya dihasilkan kelompok kitosan 1,5%; 1,0%; 2,0% dengan nilai 34,22%; 49,42%; 51,54%. DtPK semua perlakuan memberikan hasil yang sama lebih besar (P<0,01) dibandingkan formaldehid 1,0% (44,94%). Disimpulkan penambahan 1,0% kitosan adalah taraf optimum untuk memproteksi bungkil kedelai dan tepung ikan dari degradasi mikrobia rumen meskipun masih kurang efektif bila dibandingkan dengan formaldehid 1,0%.

Chitosan as a novel feed protected material against rumen microbes degradation was observed by In vitro two stages feed evaluation, un binding protein content determination and in sacco degradation technique. Two protein feed source i.e. Soybean mill (SBM), and fish mill (FM) combined with seven treatments of chitosan level (0.0%; 0.5%; 1.0%; 1.5%, 2.0%), acetic acid 1.0%, and formaldehyde 1.0% was used as treatments. Variables measured were: un binding protein content (UPC), in vitro dry mater digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro organic mater digestibility (IVOMD), NH3 and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, Dry Matter Degradation (DMDeg), Organic Matter Degradation (OMDeg), and Crude Protein Degradation (CPDeg). UPC was significantly different (P<0.01) caused by chitosan levels. The smallest UPC value (mg/mL) was showed by formaldehyde 1.0%, followed with chitosan 1.0% and 1.5% i.e. 100.03; 109.14; 106.03, respectively. Rumen degradation (stage 1 in vitro) produced significantly different on IVDMD as effect of chitosan level and also on IVOMD. The smallest IVDMD value showed by formaldehyde 1.0% (19.19%) followed by chitosan 1.5% (43.06%) and 1.0% (48.15%). The smallest IVOMD value showed by formaldehyde 1.0% (19.79%) followed by chitosan 1.5% (39.72%) and 1.0% (51.42%). The Chitosan level treatment was significantly different affected IVDMD and also IVOMD on post rumen digestion (stage 2 in vitro). The smallest IVDMD and IVOMD values were showed by formaldehyde 1.0% (80.86%; 68.18%) while the rest followed the chitosan 0.0% (control) results. NH3 concentration significantly different affected by chitosan level, the smallest NH3 value showed by formaldehyde 1.0% (39.78 mg/L). VFA concentration and proportion was not significantly different affected by the level of chitosan. DMDeg, OMDeg and also CPDeg were significantly affected (P<0.01) by protein sources, and Chitosan addition level treatment. Formaldehyde 1.0% treatment showed smallest result for DMDeg, OMDeg, CPDeg with the values were: 32.73%; 34.22%; 44.94% respectively. Nearest value for DMDeg after formaldehyde 1.0% were chitosan addition level 1.5%; 1.0%;2.0% with the values: 32.73 %; 47.34%; 49.00% respectively. The other nearest values for OMDeg after formaldehyde 1.0% were: chitosan addition level 1.0%; 1.5%;2.0% with the values were: 34,22%; 49,42%; 51,54% respectively. All of the treatment showed higher for CPDeg results than formaldehyde 1.0% (44.94%). It was concluded 1.0% addition level of chitosan is the optimal level to protect SBM and FM from rumen microbes degradation activity, however it is still less effective than formaldehyde 1.0% protection effect results done

Kata Kunci : Kitosan,In vitro,In sacco,Degradasi mikrobia rumen, Rumen Microbial Degradibility