Seleksi begomovirus isolat lemah pada tanaman cabai dan tomat

KUSUMANINGRUM, Fitri, Dr. Ir. Sedyo Hartono, M.P

2009 | Tesis | S2 Fitopatologi

Begomovirus merupakan salah satu genus dari famili Geminiviridae yang menimbulkan kerusakan pada tanaman solanaceae di Indonesia terutama tanaman tomat dan cabai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh isolat lemah Begomovirus dari tanaman cabai dan tomat dan mengetahui ketahanan beberapa varietas tomat terhadap Begomovirus. Pencarian isolat lemah dilakukan dengan mencari tanaman cabai dan tomat dengan gejala ringan atau tidak bergejala sama sekali dari lahan dengan intensitas serangan Begomovirus yang tinggi. Tanaman selanjutnya diuji dengan I-ELISA dan PCR menggunakan pasangan primer Krusty Homer serta UPV1 dan PAV1c715. Pengujian respon ketahanan tanaman tomat menggunakan 7 varietas uji yaitu Setcopa, Chenoa, Aegean, Ellettro, Sensei, Takii, dan Mawar. Pengujian lapangan dilakukan dalam dua seri yaitu yang pertama biji langsung disemai, ditanam, dan diamati di lapangan, dan yang kedua biji disemai di rumah kaca, diinokulasikan di lahan, dan dibawa kembali ke rumah kaca untuk diamati. Konfirmasi gejala dilakukan dengan metode I-ELISA dan PCR. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan 4 isolat lemah Begomovirus dari tanaman cabai yaitu CT1, CT5, CT9, dan CT16, namun tidak didapatkan isolat lemah dari tanaman tomat. Hasil pengujian respon ketahanan tanaman tomat menunjukkan bahwa varietas Ellettro adalah yang paling tahan terhadap serangan Begomovirus dengan IP sebesar 0%, diikuti oleh Setcopa dengan IP 5%,, Aegean dengan IP 6,25%, Takii dengan IP 18,75%, Chenoa dengan IP 20%, Mawar dengan IP 40%, dan Sensei dengan IP 60%.

Begomovirus is a genus from Geminiviridae family causing serious damage on solanaceae mainly chili and tomato plants in Indonesia. The aim of this research was to obtain mild isolates of Begomovirus from chili and tomato plants, and to identify the resistance of several varieties of tomato to Begomovirus. The search for mild isolates was carried out by looking for tomato and chili plants with either slight symptoms, or no symptoms at all, from areas with a high intensity of attack by Begomovirus. The plants were then tested with I-ELISA and PCR using primer pairs of Krusty with Hommer and UPV1 with PAV1c715. Testing of tomato plants’ response used seven test varieties, namely Setcopa, Chenoa, Aegean, Ellettro, Sensei, Takii and Mawar. The field tests were done in two series, the first with seeds which had been directly planted and observed in the field, and the second one with seeds initially planted in a glasshouse, then inoculated in the field, then brought back to the glasshouse to be observed. Confirmation of presence of the virus was done with I-ELISA and PCR methods. Through this research, 4 mild sisolates of Begomovirus were obtained from chili plants, namely CT1, CT5, CT9 and CT16; however, no mild isolates were obtained from tomato plants. The results of testing the resistance response of tomato plants show that the Ellettro variety is the most resistant to Begomovirus attacks, with a disease intensity (DI) of 0%, followed by Setcopy with a DI of 5%, Aegean with a DI of 6.25%, Takii with a DI of 18.75%, Chenoa with a DI of 20%, Mawar with a DI of 40%, and Sensei with a DI of 60%

Kata Kunci : Isolat lemah, varietas tahan, Begomovirus, Mild isolate, resistant variety