Persepsi mahasiswa asal Papua di Yogyakarta tentang kondom sebagai pencegahan HIV-AIDS

HUKUBUN, Maria Cornelia Yuliana, Prof. dr. M.Hakimi, SpOG, Ph.D

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Hingga akhir tahun 2007, kasus HIV/AIDS terus meningkat di Propinsi Papua dan penularan terbesar melalui hubungan seksual. Upaya pencegahan dilakukan dengan menggunakan kondom, tetapi kasus terus menigkat, sehingga melalui penelitian ini, dipandang perlu mengkaji persepsi mahasiswa asal Papua di Yogyakarta tentang kondom sebagai pencegahan HIV. Mahasiswa sebagai subjek penelitian karena mereka adalah golongan terpelajar yang seharusnya mengetahui ancaman dan pencegahan HIV, tetapi data kasus HIV Bulan Maret 2007 dari Yayasan Binterbusi menyebutkan bahwa 14 orang mahasiswa asal Papua tertular HIV dan 100% melalui hubungan seksual. Tujuan Penelitian: Mendeskripsikan pemahaman yang mendalam persepsi mahasiswa asal Papua di Yogyakarta tentang kondom sebagai pencegahan HIV/AIDS. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan rancangan fenomenologi. Informan adalah mahasiswa strata 1 asal Papua dari Kabupaten Mimika dan Puncak. Informan wawancara mendalam 12 orang dan informan DKT 25 orang yang terbagi dalam 4 kelompok. Wawancara mendalam dan DKT digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data. Keabsahan data dilakukan dengan triangulasi sumber dan metode. Hasil: Secara luas kondom dianggap sebagai pencegahan HIV, namun dari segi agama mahasiswa mempunyai persepsi bahwa kondom hanya memberikan keselamatan di dunia, tetapi tidak di akhirat. Kondom memberikan petunjuk dan membuat manusia terus berhubungan seksual. Seks untuk keturunan sehingga menurut mahasiswa bahwa kondom tidak diperbolehkan agama. Walaupun pengetahuan mahasiswa tentang HIV sudah baik, tetapi mahasiswa beranggapan bahwa kondom tidak memberikan kenikmatan. Kondompun tidak dipercaya 100% memberikan perlindungan terhadap HIV. Selain itu, masih ada kekeliruan pemahaman mahasiswa tentang penularan HIV, misalnya karena gigitan nyamuk, rokok, dan makan bersama. Ancaman telah dirasakan, karena menurut mereka, mahasiswa yang mempunyai banyak pasangan seksual akan cepat tertular HIV. Selain mahasiswa, menurut mereka siapa saja yang melakukan ganti pasangan seksual bisa tertular seperti WPS, heteroseksual, homoseksual, baik laki-laki maupun perempuan. HIV/AIDS adalah penyakit parah karena peningkatan kasus, tidak adanya obat, dan dapat menimbulkan kematian. Promosi kesehatan kepada mahasiswa asal Papua selama ini telah dilakukan oleh Yayasan Binterbusi, namun pada kalangan terbatas. Menurut persepsi mahasiwa, orang Papua maupun bukan orang Papua, bisa melakukan promosi kesehatan kepada mahasiswa. Kesimpulan: Diperlukan pemberian keyakinan tentang kondom sebagai pencegahan HIV/AIDS dari lembaga yang menangani program HIV kepada mahasiswa asal Papua di Yogyakarta.

Background: Until the end of 2007, cases of HIV/AIDS continue to increase in Papua Province and highest transmission was through sexual intercourse. The preventive effort was done using condom but cases continue to increase. Therefore, research is needed to study the perception of students of Papua origin in Yogyakarta on condom as HIV/AIDS prevention. University students are educated group that should have knowledge about the threat and prevention of HIV but data on HIV cases in March 2007 from Binterbusi Foundation showed that 14 students of Papua origin were infected with HIV and 100% through sexual intercourse. Objectives: To describe the understanding on the perception of students of Papua origin in Yogyakarta on condom as HIV/AIDS prevention. Methods: The research used qualitative method with phenomenology design. Indepth interview and focus group discussion were used for data collection. The informants were students of Papua origin from Mimika and Puncak Jaya Regencies. The informants for in-depth interview were 12 students and for focus group discussion were 25 students divided into 4 groups. Data validity was checked by triangulation of source and method. Results: Generally condom was considered as HIV/AIDS prevention but from religion point of view the students perceived that condom only provided pleasure but would not guarantee the safety in the world. Condom provided guidance and made peoples continue to have sexual intercourse. According to the students, condom was not permitted by religion. Although the students’ knowledge on HIV/AIDS was good but they considered condom was not providing pleasure. Condom could not be 100% trusted in providing protection against HIV/AIDS. Besides, there were still misunderstandings on HIV/AIDS transmission, such as it could be transmitted by mosquito’s bites, smoking cigarette and having meal together. The threat was already perceived because students with many sexual partners would immediately be infected with HIV/AIDS. Other than students, whoever had many sexual partners could be infected, such as female prostitutes, heterosexuals, and both male and female homosexuals. HIV/AIDS is a serious disease because the incidence was continuously increasing, there is no drug, and could cause death. In the mean time health promotion for students of Papua origin is performed by Binterbusi Foundation but still in limited circle. According to the students, Papuan or not Papuan could perform health promotion to the students as long as they understand the culture of Papua. Conclusions: There is a need to provide awareness on condom as HIV/AIDS prevention from institution which organize HIV/AIDS programs to students of Papua origin in Yogyakarta.

Kata Kunci : Persepsi,HIV,AIDS,Kondom,Mahasiswa Papua,perception,HIV/AIDS,condom,Papua students