Peran nenek terhadap pemberian makanan pendamping ASI di Kecamatan Marabahan Kabupaten Barito Kuala

WIDARI, Azizah Sri, Prof. dr. Djauhar Ismail, SpA(K), MPH, Ph.D

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Praktek pemberian makan yang tepat merupakan hal penting yang mendasar bagi kelangsungan hidup, pertumbuhan, perkembangan, kesehatan serta gizi bayi dan anak anak. WHO merekomendasikan pemberian ASI eksklusif selama 6 bulan usia bayi dan dilanjutkan dengan terus memberikan ASI sambil memperkenalkan MP ASI sampai usia 2 tahun. Pada sistim keluarga luas, peran nenek sangat besar dalam menentukan kapan bayi diberikan MP ASI. Penelitian di beberapa negara Afrika mengindikasikan bahwa nenek seringkali berperan membuat keputusan penting berkenaan dengan kebiasaan pemberian MP ASI lebih dini yang dapat memberikan dampak signifikan pada status kesehatan anak. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui hubungan peran nenek yang terlibat merawat cucunya dengan praktek pemberian MP ASI < 6 bulan di Kecamatan Marabahan. Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian adalah observasional menggunakan rancangan Cross sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Populasi penelitian adalah ibu yang memiliki bayi berusia 0 – 12 bulan yang pernah dibantu nenek dalam merawat bayi pada usia ≤ 6 bulan yang ada di Kecamatan Marabahan dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 122 orang. Variabel bebas peran nenek, variabel terikat praktek pemberian MP ASI dan variabel luar adalah: pendidikan ibu, pengetahuan ibu, umur ibu dan tingkat sosial ekonomi keluarga. Analisa bivariabel menggunakan chisquare dan analisa multivariabel menggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil: Prevalensi praktek pemberian MP ASI < 6 bulan pada ibu yang merawat bayi bersama nenek di Kecamatan Marabahan sebesar 67,21%. Analisis bivariabel menunjukkan peran nenek mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna terhadap praktek pemberian MP ASI (RP = 2,75, p-value < 0,00, CI 95% = 1,85 - 4,07). Pada analisis multivariabel, variabel pendidikan, pengetahuan, umur ibu dan tingkat sosial ekonomi keluarga tidak berpengaruh dalam melihat peran nenek terhadap praktek pemberian MP ASI. Kesimpulan: Peran nenek yang besar dalam perawatan bayi akan mendorong praktek pemberian MP ASI < 6 bulan berpeluang lebih tinggi 2,75 kali dibandingkan dengan peran nenek yang kecil dalam perawatan bayi. Dibutuhkan promosi praktek pemberian MP ASI yang melibatkan nenek sebagai sasaran melalui posyandu dan posyandu lansia

Background: Appropriate feeding practices are of fundamental importance for the survival, growth, development, health and nutrition of infants and children. WHO recommended exclusive breastfeeding for 6 month of age and then continuing breastfeeding along with offering complementary foods up to the second years. On the extended families system, the grandmother’s role was very strong to decide when the baby was introduced complementary food. Studies in several African countries indicate that grandmothers often make critical decisions about early child feeding practices and can have a siqnificant impact on child nutritional status. Objective: To investigate the relationship between grandmother’s role who involve on grandchild care and complementary feeding practices of infant under 6 month on Marabahan district, Barito Kuala regency. Method: This was an observasional study using a cross-sectional study design with quantitative and qualitative approaches. Population was the mother who had the infant 0 - 12 month of age on Marabahan District with the sampel size was 122 subjects. The independent variable was grandmother’s role; the dependent variable was complementary feeding practices; and the extraneous variables were maternal education, knowledge regarding complementary feeding, maternal age and sosial economic status of household. Bivariate analysis used chi-square test and multivariate analysis used logistic regression. Result: Prevalensi of complementary feeding practices under 6 month on the mother who care the infant together grandmother was 67,21%. Analysis bivariable showed that there was a siqnificant relationship between the grandmother’s role and complementary feeding practices (RP = 2,75, p-value < 0,00 and CI 95% = 1,85 - 4,07). Based on the multivariable analysis that the maternal education, knowlegde, maternal age and socio economic status of household was not influential to observed relationship between the grandmother’s role and complementary feeding practices. Conclusion: The high role of grandmothers on infant care could be increased complementary feeding practices under 6 month greater 2,75 than the low role of grandmothers on infant care. There was needed a promotion of complementary feeding practice that involved grandmother as target of promotion through posyandu or posyandu lansia.

Kata Kunci : Peran nenek,MP,ASI,Bayi, Grandmother’s role, complementary feeding, infant