Environmental quality and management problems in Cilacap City :: The role of the four most importan local industrial organizations

INDARTO, Prof. Dr. R. Rijanta, M.Sc

2009 | Tesis | S2 MPKD

Lokasi strategis dan dukungan kekayaan sumberdaya pesisir Kota Cilacap menarik berbagai sektor, termasuk industri. Jika tidak dimonitor secara rutin dan dikelola dengan baik, kondisi ini dapat menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup, yang cenderung semakin rumit dan sulit untuk dipecahkan dan dikelola. Untuk menciptakan kualitas lingkungan kota agar lebih berkelanjutan, seluruh stakeholder dapat berperan aktif, terutama industri-industri besar yang memiliki sumberdaya dan kapasitas yang memadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis permasalahan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup dan peran serta empat organisasi industri terpenting dalam peningkatan kualitas lingkungan hidup di Kota Cilacap. Penelitian eksploratori ini menggunakan strategi survey. Data sekunder dikumpulkan melalui studi pustaka, sedangkan data primer diperoleh melalui interview (15 institusi pemerintah dan 4 organisasi industri) dan kuesioner (17 organisasi kemasyarakatan dan 3 LSM). Responden dipilih secara purposif. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan mendatangi kantor dan rumah para responden serta menggunakan internet dan telepon. Data dianalisis secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan metode statistik sederhana dan dipaparkan dalam bentuk tabel. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kegagalan dalam pelaksanaan dan penegakan peraturan lingkungan hidup merupakan permasalahan inti dalam pengelolaan lingkungan di Kota Cilacap. Institusi pemerintah menghadapi dilema, apakah menegakan peraturan lingkungan hidup yang dapat menimbulkan banyak pengangguran dan konflik sosial atau mengijinkan beberapa aktivitas ilegal yang berpotensi menurunkan kualitas lingkungan hidup dan membahayakan keberlanjutan pembangunan kota pada masa mendatang. Selanjutnya penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa permasalahan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup merupakan tanggung jawab bersama pemerintah dan organisasi industri. Namun sebenarnya masyarakat juga memiliki tanggung jawab yang setara untuk berperan aktif dalam pengelolaan lingkungan hidup karena perilaku hidupnya sangat berpengaruh pada kualitas lingkungan hidup. Selain itu, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa empat organisasi industri terpenting di Kota Cilacap memberikan kontribusi pada peningkatan kualitas lingkungan hidup dengan cara yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian terhadap pendapat masyarakat terhadap kualitas lingkungan hidup lokal menunjukan bahwa permasalahan lingkungan hidup utama di Kota Cilacap adalah penurunan kualitas udara. Dalam hal kontribusi organisasi industri, sebagian besar masyarakat mengganggap bahwa organisasi industri memberikan kontribusi pada peningkatan kualitas lingkungan hidup. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa empat organisasi industri di Kota Cilacap berperan dalam peningkatan kualitas lingkungan hidup, tetapi dua organisasi industri belum efektif dalam mengelola permasalahan lingkungan hidupnya.

The strategic location of Cilacap City and its rich coastal resource endorsement hugely attract many sectors, including industries. If not closely monitored and well managed, this condition predisposes environmental management problems, which tend to be more complex, intensive and difficult to solve and manage. In order to improve and make the environmental quality of the city more sustainable, all stakeholders can take an active role, especially big industries which have appropriate resources and capacity. This research is aimed to assess the environmental management problems and the role of the four most important local industrial organizations in improving the environmental quality in Cilacap City. This is an exploratory research which has used survey as a strategy. Secondary data were collected through a literature study, whereas primary data were gathered through interview (15 governmental institutions and the four most important local industrial organizations) and questionnaire (17 CBOs and 3 NGOs). The respondents were chosen purposively and the research was done by visiting offices and houses of respondents and by using internet and telephone. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by simple statistical method and displayed in tables. This research found that the failure in enforcement and implementation of environmental legislation / regulation is the core environmental management problem in Cilacap City. It hints a dilemma for governmental institutions whether enforcing environmental regulations which can create more unemployment and social conflict or allowing some illegal activities which may deteriorate environmental quality and potentially harm or threaten sustainable development of the city in the future. Furthermore, the research also found that the environmental management problems are mainly the responsibility of both government and industrial organizations. Although considered as a less responsible actor, actually citizens also have an equal degree of responsibility to take an active role in the environmental management problems since their behavior influences closely on the environmental quality. Regarding contribution to the environmental quality in the city, this research found that the four most important industrial organizations in Cilacap City contribute to its improvement in different ways. The result of the citizens’ point of view on the local environmental quality shows that the main environmental problem perceived by the citizens in Cilacap City is deteriorating air quality. Regarding to the contribution of industrial organizations to the environmental quality, most citizens perceive that industrial organizations contribute to the improvement of the environmental quality. This research concludes that the four most important industrial organizations in Cilacap City take a role to improve the environmental quality, but two of them are not effectively yet managing their environmental problems.

Kata Kunci : Lingkungan hidup,Pengelolaan,Kualitas,Industri,EMS, environment, management, quality, industry