Ekonomi politik kebijakan publik sektor air minum :: Studi kasus privatisasi Pamjaya

RAHMANTO, Isnan, Prof. Dr. Agus Dwiyanto

2009 | Tesis | S2 Magister Administrasi Publik

Privatization of the water sector involves more actors who played with than the other sectors. This happens because the nature of water, in a variety of conditions, required by a number of actors with different interests. Complex situations such as capital-intensive, natural monopolies, infrastructure, economic scale, the information asymmetry to the closed nature of water sector giving rise to barriers to entry. Therefore, the skills that able to accommodate the various interests of actors in an institutional form of cooperation in the water sector management are required. Further success in privatizing the water sector will be a bridge to the success of other sectors. Pamjaya privatization policy research is a policy study. This research is important because Pamjaya privatization scheme is a first policy contract concession on public service in water sector in Indonesia. A case study is selected in this research with the aim to gain insight about the policy process, who the actor behind by examining the social, political context and economic conditions that affect the appearance of the privatization policy. Political economy approach is used with the assumption that not all economic problems can be solved by the market mechanism, because it related to institutions and political systems adopted. The result is a coalition of France through his TNC Suez (SLdE) with a local partner Anthony Salim (Salim Group), the son of Soeharto’s businessman crony and British through his TNC TWOL with Sigit Harjojudanto (KPAI) son of President Suharto's with world-class experiences and complete information about the water sector had made Pamjaya as an powerless actor, so was forced to accept the provisions of Concession Contract that costly to Pamjaya. Central Government in this case the President and the Department of Public Works and Local Government in this case the Governor of DKI Jakarta that should be fight for the interests of the consumer society Pamjaya, but in fact it provides the flexibility to maneuver TNC by providing a series of regulations that favor foreign interests. In the end the state only used as an arena "looting" and "blackmail" of the political actors in it. State is not functioning for the prosperity of the people, by contrast, contains and consequently looters are plundering the country too (predatory state). Change of regime has led to increasing transaction costs, alternating partners and concession agreements into an uncontrolled logging which led the parties involved in the concession took the position to save themselves. Privatization of the water sector does not simply require a strong institutional devices, but also to support the implementation of regulations, accompanied by a transparent process. Without it all, what happened was forced cooperation, create business competition is not going well, the creation of private monopolies that are not supported by adequate regulation and ultimately only create inefficient monopolies, not innovative, and create higher prices for consumers.

Kata Kunci : Privatisasi,Ekonomi politik,Biaya transaksi,Informasi asimetri, privatization, political economy, transaction costs, asymmetric information