Tinjauan hukum atas klausula pilihan forum arbitrase dalam kontrak komersial internasional antara PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur dengan Mitra Asing

SUTRISNA, Drs. Paripurna S, S.H., M.Hum., LL.M

2009 | Tesis | S2 Magister Hukum

Penelitian ini merupakan suatu penelitian yang dilakukan dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kedudukan forum arbitrase internasional dalam sistem hukum Indonesia serta implikasi dari suatu klausula arbitrase internasional yang telah disepakati dalam kontrak komersial internasional. Hasil penelitian ini kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Melalui penelitian ini diharapkan dapat diperoleh gambaran secara sistematis dan komprehensif mengenai arbitrase internasional dan pengaturannya di Indonesia serta implikasi yang mungkin timbul dari pilihan forum arbitrase internasional dengan rumusan klausula yang telah disepakati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa arbitrase di Indonesia diatur secara umum dalam UU Arbitrase 30/1999. Pengaturan arbitrase internasional dalam undang–undang dimaksud terbatas pada ketentuan pelaksanaan putusan arbitrase internasional, sehingga terkesan undang–undang tersebut lebih mengatur arbitrase domestik. Selanjutnya aturan arbitrase internasional juga merujuk pada UU No. 5 Tahun 1968 dan Keppres No. 34 Tahun 1981 jo. PERMA No. 1 Tahun 1990. Namun demikian aturan–aturan tersebut sepertinya masih belum memadai karena hanya mengatur : (i) penyelesaian sengketa penanaman modal asing melalui arbitrase internasional; dan (ii) prosedur pengakuan dan pelaksanaan putusan arbitrase internasional di Indonesia. Sehubungan dengan klausula arbitrase internasional dengan rumusan yang telah sepakati dalam Cooperation Agreement oleh dan antara PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur dengan mitra asing, maka akan diterapkan : (i) hukum yang berlaku (substantive law), yaitu hukum Indonesia yang akan diterapkan terkait dengan substansi sengketa dan keabsahan kontrak; (ii) hukum acara (procedure law), yaitu Rules of Arbitration of the ICC (dengan beberapa pengecualian) akan dipakai untuk tata cara pelaksanaan arbitrase; dan (iii) tempat arbitrase (place of arbitration) yaitu Singapore dimana hukum negara Singapore akan berlaku (Lex Arbitri) terkait dengan keabsahan pemeriksaan dan putusan arbitrase serta peradilan Singapore memiliki yuridiksi primer. Perbedaan substantif law, procedural law dan place of arbitration akan membawa implikasi positif dan negatif bagi PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur.

This research is conducted through normative juridical approach. The objectives of this research are to find out of the existence of international arbitration forum in Indonesia legal system as well as the implication of international arbitration clause which is agreed upon in international commercial contract. Then the result of this research is analyzed by applying qualitative method. Through this research the researcher wish to obtain comprehensive and systematic description regarding international arbitration and it regulations in Indonesia legal system as well as the implication which may arising out of the choose of an international arbitration forum under the clause agreed upon. The result of this research indicate that arbitration in Indonesia is governed in a general way by UU Arbitrase 30/1999. The regulation of international arbitration therein finite on the provision of the enforcement of international arbitral award, it is therefore gave the effect of that this act is more domestically arbitration regulate. Furthermore, the provisions of international arbitration is also referred to the Law No. 5 Year 1968 and Presidential Decree No. 34 Year 1981 jo. Supreme Court Regulations No. 1 Year 1990. Nonetheless, these regulations seems to be inadequate since its only regulate : (i) foreign investment dispute settlement through international arbitration; and (ii) recognition and enforcement of the international arbitral award in Indonesia. In connection with the international arbitration clause with formulation agreed upon in the Cooperation Agreement by and amongst PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur and its foreign partner, so it will apply : (i) substantive law, i.e. Indonesian law will apply concerned with substance of dispute and validity of contract; (ii) procedure law, i.e. Rules of Arbitration of the ICC (with some exceptional) will be used concerned with lawsuit procession of arbitration; and (iii) place of arbitration, i.e. Singapore where the law of which is valid (Lex Arbitri) concerned with sessions of arbitration and arbitral award as well as Singapore of judicature has primary jurisdiction. Such differences of substantive law, procedural law and place of arbitration will bring positive and negative implication to PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur.

Kata Kunci : Arbitrase,Forum arbitrase internasional,Klausula arbitrase internasional, arbitration, international arbitration forum, international arbitration clause