Kajian potensi ekosistem Pantai Natsepa Kabupaten Maluku Tengah Propinsi Maluku

PUGESEHAN, Donny Japly, Dr. Erny Poedjirahajoe, MP

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Ekosistem pantai mempunyai fungsi yang sangat penting baik fungsi ekologis maupun fungsi ekonomi, sehingga dalam pengelolaan dan pemanfaatannya harus diperhatikan guna menjaga kelestariannya. Dalam upaya untuk menjaga kelestariannya ekosistem pantai, informasi tentang flora dan fauna, produktivitas primer dan faktor lingkungan (suhu, salinitas pH,oksigen terlarut, kekeruhan,) diperlukan dalam hubungannya dengan keseimbangan ekosistem pantai. Kesuburan suatu perairan ditentukan berdasarkan pada produktivitas primer perairan tersebut, kandungan klorovil a fitolpankton menetukan besarnya produktivitas primer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keadaan ekosistem pantai yang meliputi : keadaan flora dan fauna, produktivitas primer (klorovila a fitoplankton), faktor lingkungan (Suhu, Salinitas, pH, Oksigen terlarut, Kekeruhan) Penelitian ini dilakukan Pantai Natsepa. Areal penelitian dibagi menjadi 2 areal yaitu hutan pantai dan perairan pantai, pada areal hutan pantai dibuat 4 jalur dan setiap jalur di buat petak contoh dengan ukuran 20 x 20 m untuk pohon, 10 x10 m untuk tingkat tiang, 5 x 5 untuk tingkat sapihan dan 2 x 2 untuk tingkat semai. Data dianalisis dengan menghitung indeks nilai penting, indeks keragaman. Areal perairan pantai di buat 4 statiun/transek dan pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara mengoleksi fauna, kemudian diidentifikasi. Pengambilan data ikan menggunakan metode pengoperasian alat tangkap jaring insang hanyut (drift gill net), pengukuran produktivitas primer dilakukan dengan menghitung kandungan klorofil a fitoplankton, pengamatan suhu, salinitas, pH, oksigen terlarut, kekeruhan dilakukan pada setiap stasiun. Data kemudian dianalisis. Hubungan antara produktivitas primer dengan fauna serta faktor lingkungan dianalisis dengan korelasi berganda. Hasil penelitian pada hutan pantai menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 12 jenis vegetasi yang didominasi oleh Ketapang (Terminalia catta), pada perairan terdapat 2 jenis fauna yang didominasi oleh moluska gastropoda (Littorania undulata, Cellana radiata), moluska bivalva (Isognomom isognomum), dan 13 jenis ikan (nekton). secara bersama – sama fauna dan faktor lingkungan (suhu, salinitas pH,oksigen terlarut, kekeruhan) mempengaruhi produktivitas primer (kesuburan perairan).

Coastal ecosystem has an important function whether for ecological also economical, so that management and utilization must be considered to be continue. In effort to save the conservation of coastal ecosystem, then the information about flora and fauna,a primary productivity, and environmental factors (temperature, pH, salinity, soluble oxygen,turbidity) are needed in relation with the balancing of coastal ecosystem. The fertility of coastal is determined based on primary productivity of coastal itself. The obstertic of Phytoplankton chlorophyll wiil determine the rate of primary productivity. This research is aimed to know the codition of coastal ecosystem including: the condition of flora and fauna, primary productivity (Chlorophyll a phytoplankton), and environmental factors (temperature, pH, salinity, soluble oxygen,turbidity). This research was conducted in the coastal area of Natsepa. The research area is divided into 2 areas ; coastal forest, and coastal waters. There are 4 rows that was made in the coastal forest, and each row was made by the sample plot, size 20 x 20 meters for tree, 10 x 10 for the pole level, 5 x5 meters for wean level, and 2 x2 meters for the sendling level. The data was analyzed by calculating the important value index, and dissimilarity index. The coastal waters area was made 4 station (transek). The sample was done by colleting fauna, and then identifying. the taking of data of fishes by using the driff gill methods, the measuring of primary productivity was done by calculating the content of chlorophyll a phytoplankton, temperature observation, pH, salinity, solube oxygen, and turbidity, which is done in each station. Furthermore, all kinds of data above were analyzed. In addition, the relationship between primary productivity with fauna, and ecological factors is analyzed by using multi correlation. The results of researching in coastal forest showed that there are 12 species of vegetation which is dominated by Teminalia cattapa (Ketapang). There are 2 kinds of fauna that being in the coastal waters which is dominated by moluska gastropoda (Littorina undulata, Cellana radiata), moluska bivalva (Isognomom isognomum), and there are 13 species of fish (nekton). Finally, the result of researching indicated that fauna and environmental factors, (temperature, pH, salinity, soluble oxygen,turbidity) influenced primary productivity (coastal Fertility) collectivety.

Kata Kunci : ekosistem pantai, Flora dan Fauna, Faktor lingkungan, Coastal ecosystem, Flora and Fauna , environmental factors