Kerusakan ekosistem mangrove akibat konversi lahan di Kampung Tobati dan Kampung Nafri Jayapura Papua

ARIZONA, Meivy, Dr. Sunarto, M.S

2009 | Tesis | S2 Magister Pengelolaan Lingkungan

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kampung Tobati dan Kampung Nafri yang terletak di Jayapura-Papua. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) jenis-jenis mangrove apa saja yang telah mengalami perubahan di daerah Tobati, 2) bagaimana kondisi air dan tanah dari daerah yang mengalami konversi penggunaan lahan tersebut,3) bagaimana respon masyarakat terhadap kerusakan ekosistem mangrove dan peran serta masyarakat dalam pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove. Metode pengukuran kemelimpahan vegetasi mangrove menggunakan jalur transek atau plot kuadrat yang memotong tegak lurus dari zonasi sebanyak tiga kali ulangan dengan ukuran 10m x 20m, untuk herba, paku mangrove dan untuk rumput digunakan plot ukuran 1m x 1m. Kajian terhadap parameter fisik meniliputi kualitas air yaitu temperatur, pH dan salinitas. Kajian terhadap kualitas tanah meliputi kadar bahan organik, pH, temperatur dan tekstur tanah dengan menggunakan analisa variansi. Parameter kondisi sosial budaya masyarakat Kampung Tobati berdasarkan jumlah penduduk, mata pencaharian, tingkat pendidikan dan pengetahuan tentang ekosistem mangrove. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengkaji sosial budaya adalah metode survei dan wawancara terhadap 50 orang respondenyang terbagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu 40 orang reponden dari Kampung Tobati dan 10 orang reponden dari Kampung Nafri. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 7 jenis mangrove di Kampung Tobati yaitu Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora stylosa, Ceriops tagal, Sonneratia alba, Xylocarpus mollucensis and Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea. Spesies mangrove yang ditemukan di Kampung Nafri terdapat 9, 7 diantaranya sama dengan yang hidup di Kampung Tobati . Spesies lainnya adalah jenis Bruguiera gmangrove sejati dengan 8 genus yang 2 diantaranya tidak ditemukan di Kampung Tobati yaitu gymnorrhiza dan Aegiceras corniculatum. Keterdapatan mangrove di Kampung Tobati yang telah mngelami konversi lahan menunjukkan bahwa jenis Rhizophora spp paling banyak mendominasi. Kampung Nafri yang adalah daerah kontrol, menunjukkan bahwa formasi mangrovenya masih tersusun dengan baik.

The research area are Tobati and Nafri villages in Jayapura-Papua. The aim of this research is 1) to study the kinds of mangrove that had been changed by human activities, 2) to study the condition of water and soil in the area which had been changed by land conversion, 3) to know the society responses about the mangrove ecosystems damaged and their contributes in mangrove ecosystems management. The methods used are transect line quadrate plots across the mangrove zones and distribution area with three times repeating. The quadrate plot sizes were 10m x 20m for trees, 1m x 1m for herbs, seedling and grasses. The parameter measures were densities, frequencies, basal areas and important values of mangrove. The physic parameter measures were water that included temperature, pH, salinity, and soil qualities such as organic matters, pH, temperature and the soil textures. The analysis of the physic parameter was using variant analysis. Social parameter that been measured were numbers of population, occupation, education, and knowledge about mangrove ecosystems. The methods that used for identifying the culture of the society of Tobati villagers were survied and interviewed with 50 respondents. The respondents have been separated in 2 groups of 40 repondents that were taken from Tobati village and the rest of it were taken from Nafri village. The results showed that there are seven species of mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora stylosa, Ceriops tagal, Sonneratia alba, Xylocarpus mollucensis and Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea ) in Tobati village. Species mangrove that showed in Nafri village were nine species, seven species which similar with Tobati except for Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Aegiceras corniculatum were not showed in Tobati village. The existence of mangrove vegetation that been changed by land conversion in Tobati village were dominated by Rhizophora spp. In Nafri village as the control area showed that the formation of mangrove is still in the good condition.

Kata Kunci : Kerusakan ekosistem mangrove,Konversi lahan,Kampung Tobati dan Nafri, mangrove ecosystems damage, land conversion, Tobati and Nafri villages