Efektivitas program lembaga keuangan mikro Swamitra Mina dalam pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat pesisir :: Studi kasus di Desa Purwodadi Kecamatan Tepus Kabupaten Gunungkidul

WIDIASTUTI, Triana, Prof. Dr. Yeremias T. Keban, MURP

2009 | Tesis | S2 Administrasi Negara

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kemiskinan masyarakat pesisir Indonesia, padahal Indonesia merupakan negara maritim dengan potensi ekonomi yang sangat besar. Masalah kemiskina n juga dialami oleh masyarakat pesisir Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Kemiskinan masyarakat pesisir Kabupaten Gunungkidul diantaranya disebabkan oleh keterbatasan dalam mengakses modal. Karena itulah Pemerintah mengambil kebijakan penyediaan jasa keuangan mikro bagi masyarakat pesisir kabupaten Gunugkidul dengan pembentukan Lembaga Keuangan Mikro Swamitra Mina pada tahun 2006. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas Program Lembaga Keuangan Mikro Swamitra Mina dalam pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat pesisir Desa Purwodadi Kecamatan Tepus Kabupaten Gunungkidul dan faktor- faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas program tersebut. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Purwodadi Kecamatan Tepus Kabupaten Gunungkidul, dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan wawancara, kuesioner, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Informan penelitian ini adalah Kepala Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Gunungkidul, ketua koperasi LEPPM3 Kabupaten Gunungkidul, manajer LKM Swamitra Mina, dan kelompok sasaran program yaitu masyarakat pesisir Desa Purwodadi Kecamatan Tepus. Kuesioner dibagikan kepada kelompok sasaran, dengan jumlah responden 50. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis kualitatif dengan proses analisis meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Untuk mengungkap “keabsahan informasi”, penelitian ini menggunakan teknik triangulasi nara sumber, triangulasi metode, dan triangulasi data. Hasil penelitian ini adalah program pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat pesisir Desa Purwodadi Kecamatan Tepus Kabupaten Gunungkidul melalui LKM Swamitra Mina belum efektif. Out put berupa peningkatan jumlah modal dan peningkatan jumlah peminjam belum/tidak tercapai. Intermediate outcomes berupa peningkatan produksi dan peningkatan jenis usaha juga belum/tidak tercapai, sehingga final outcomes diindikasikan tidak tercapai. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas program pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat pesisir Desa Purwodadi Kecamatan Tepus Kabupaten Gunungkidul melalui LKM Swamitra Mina berupa input dan proses. Input program pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat pesisir melalui LKM Smitramina meliputi sumber daya manusia, dana, dan sarana prasarana telah tersedia dengan baik. Proses program pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat pesisir Desa Purwodadi Kecamatan Tepus Kabupaten Gunungkidul melalui LKM Swamitra meliputi sosialisasi dan pengelolaan dana. Sosialisasi tidak efektif, sedangkan proses pengelolaan dana berupa pembukuan/pelaporan dapat dilaksanakan dengan baik dan tidak ada kredit macet. Program ini tidak tepat sasaran karena sebagian besar masyarakat yang mengakses kredit LKM Swamitra Mina justru bukan masyarakat pesisir dengan usaha skala mikro sektor kelautan dan perikanan.

This research is conducted against the background of the existing problem of poverty among the coastal communities in Indonesia which contradicts the great economic potential that this maritime country possesses. The regency of Gunungkidul is one of these coastal communities that suffer from poverty. Poverty in this regency is among others, caused by the limited access of people to capital. In order to solve this problem, the government of Gunungkidul founded a financial institution called Swamitra Mina in 2006 to provide services of microfinance for the community. The purpose of this research is to assess the effectiveness of the microfinance institution Swamitra Mina program in the economical empowerment for the coastal community of the village of Purwodadi in the district of Tepus in the regency of Gunungkidul by examining as well as factors that can affect the effectiveness of this program. This research made use of the qualitative methodology. The technique employed for collecting data consisted of interviews, questioners, observation and documentation. The informants used for this research consisted of the head of the maritime and fishery department of the Gunungkidul regency, chairman of the cooperative enterprise LEPPM3 who is also from the Gunungkidul regency, manager of the microfinance institution Swamitra Mina and the community of the Purwodadi village who represents the target group of the program. The number of questioners used for this research was 50 questioners divided among members of the target group. The method of analysis employed, was the qualitative analytical technique by means of data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Where data was absent, the technique of triangulation was used in sources, method and data. The findings of this research show that the economical empowerment program by Swamitra Mina for the coastal community of the village of Purwodadi in the district of Tepus in the regency of Gunungkidul cannot be considered effective yet. The expected output for capital and lending increase was not/has yet to be achieved. Intermediate outcomes in terms of production and types of business increase, show the same result; were not/have yet to be achieved. These results have led to the overall negative result of ‘not achieved.’ The factors that were of influence on the efficacy of the program were: input and process. The input of the program includes human resources, funds and infrastructure that were found readily available. The process of the program includes socialization and financial management. Socialization was found not effective while the process of financial management in terms of bookkeeping/reporting was found to be performed well. Another finding was that this program missed its target, as many of the microfinance services provided by Swamitra Mina are not accessed by the coastal communities for engagement in small scale businesses in the maritime and fishery sector.

Kata Kunci : Efektivitas,Program,LKM,