The effectiveness of clean development mechanism (CDM) in supporting poverty alleviation in South Africa

AMALIA, Nailul Lutfi, Dra. Illien Halina, M.Si

2009 | Tesis | S2 Hubungan Internasional

Isu Perubahan Iklim merupakan suatu fenomena yang bisa secara mudah dijumpai akhir akhir ini. Isu ini mengancam keberlangsungan semua makhluk karena hal ini telah ikut mempengaruhi ke dalam sendi sendi masyarakat dan juga Negara secara keseluruhan. Sementara itu, konsep Pembangunan Berkelanjutan mengundang semua individu untuk ikut aktif berperan dan terlibat dalam hal diluar batas pemikiran jangka pendek mereka ke dalam kesadaran yang universal bahwa apabila seseorang melukai orang lain maka dia akan juga melukai dan membahayakan semua makhluk. Seperti misalnya mereka akan sadar bahwa membiarkan kemiskinan merenggut kehidupan mereka akn mengakibatkan ketidakseimbangan yang dialami oleh bumi. Tesis ini mengambil contoh kasus electrification matter di Afrika Selatan yaitu Solar Home System sebagai obyek yang akan di analisis. Sementara itu, penelitian ini mempunyai problem statement yaitu, Is the implementation of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under Kyoto Protocol in assisting South Africa to eliminate the threat of climate change and ensure the sustainable development, especially supporting its poverty alleviation, considered as ineffective?. Problem statement tersebut akan dicari pemecahannya menggunakan teory efektivitas yang akan berusaha menjawab pertanyaan yang diajukan. Hasil yang didapatkan oleh penulis setelah mengadakan analisis proyek berbasiskan Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) ini adalah diketahui bahawa pelaksanaan dan implementasi dari proyek ini tidak efektif. Hal ini disebabkan karena banyak masalah yang terjadi selama implementasi proyek ini berlangsung. Banyak tantangan yang harus dihadapi seperti kurangnya infrastruktur yang dimiliki, kurangnya rasa antusiasme yang ditunjukkan oleh pemerintah, adanya technology gap, dan keterbatasan yang dimiliki oleh kedua belah pihak. Oleh karena itulah implementasi proyek CDM di Afrika Selatan ini mengalami hambatan dan tidak bisa berjalan dengan sempurna. Sebagai penutup, berhubungan dengan pemberantasan kemiskinan di Negara ini, sepertinya proyek ini belum menunjukkan performa yang memuaskan, Hal ini dikarenakan kedua stakeholder mempunyai keterbatasan dan kurangnya pengalaman dalam mengimplementasikan keberlangsungan dari proyek tersebut.

Climate Change is a phenomenon that can be noticed easily recently. This issue brings many threats toward human beings because it influences the whole parts of human’s life. Certainly, the topic of climate change has affected not only certain community but also the whole nation. Because of the growth of interconnection and interdependent among nations, this subject has grown into global issue and needed global attention and response as well. The climate change has also influenced the conditions of certain part of the world. The concept of sustainable development gives the invitation to all individuals to evolve beyond pure self-gratification and short term thinking into awareness and understanding that harm to one eventually will cause harm to all. Moreover, it invites the individual to step beyond current norms of thinking and behavior to become conscious of the absolute interconnectedness and inter-dependence of all things. They become aware that allowing poverty to exist is harmful to all, including the wealthy, and also impacts on the delicate balance of nature on Earth. Meanwhile this thesis’ research question is, is the implementation of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under Kyoto Protocol in assisting South Africa to eliminate the threat of climate change and ensure the sustainable development, especially supporting its poverty alleviation, considered as ineffective? The theory of effectiveness is used to prove that the use of CDM is effective enough to help African country to deal with the effect of climate change. Taken a close and effective analysis to the effectiveness of this CDM project, it results that this SHS system is not effective dealing with its implementation in South Africa. Many problems occur during the process of implementation of the project. The obstacles, such as the limited infrastructures that South Africa has, the less attention and the sense of enthusiastic of the government, the technology gap, and the limitation of the project’s service provider, have made this project runs in stagnancy. Since the implementation of the project is not effective, the government’s main objective to achieve its sustainable development that is poverty alleviation becomes impeded. In conclusion, dealing with the poverty alleviation, it seems that this project has not presented such successful enough to the effort of poverty alleviation. It is because both stakeholders are helpless and having limited capabilities in making the implementation of the CDM project work. The project does not generate and facilitate income generation which is the most important thing for the people in this country.

Kata Kunci : Clean development mechanism,Afrika Selatan,Pembangunan berkelanjutan, Clean Development Mechanism, Afrika Selatan, Pembangunan Berkelanjutan, Clean Development Mechanism, South Africa, Sustainable Development