The role of community participation in post disaster reconstruction projects :: A case study on post disaster reconstruction housing project conducted by habitat for humanity Indonesia Yogyakarta for Turen community members in Bantul Yogyakarta

KRISBANDHONO, Aji Radityo, Ir. Suryanto, MSP

2009 | Tesis | S2 MPKD

Peran dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam rekonstruksi rumah pasca bencana sebagai subyek dalam pembangunan adalah sesuatu yang sangat penting. Dengan berperan serta secara aktif dalam proses rekonstruksi mereka juga berpartisipasi dalam membangun kembali kehidupan mereka. Disamping itu, partisipasi menjadi sebuah metode yang relatif ampuh untuk self monitoring dan capacity building bagi masyarakat yang terlibat. Penelitian ini mempelajari dan mengukur reliabilitas, tingkat ke-efektifan dan efek dari metode partisipasi masyarakat Turen yang merupakan komunitas binaan Habitat for Humanity Indonesia-Yogyakarta (HfHI) dalam rekonstruksi pasca bencana melalui program Disaster Response. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif – kualitatif. Menggunakan data primer berupa hasil survey menggunakan questioner dan tabel pengamatan langsung terhadap rumah penerima bantuan. Data dari HfHI dan literatur yang berupa kasus internasional yang serupa menjadi data sekunder. Empowerment, community ownership, self reliance dan keaktifan berpartisipasi adalah empat faktor yang berpengaruh dalam suksesnya metode partisipasi. Terciptanya ikatan sosial yang lebih kuat antar anggota masyarakat memberi dampak positif dalam proses rekonstruksi, proses rekonstruksi menjadi relatif lebih cepat, peningkatan kapasitas masyarakat dalam hal teknis ataupun sosial, pembangunan yang berkelanjutan dalam hal penggunaan material ramah lingkungan dan keberhasilan memadukan sumber daya baik dari dalam diri komunitas ataupun dari luar komunitas untuk mengembangkan rumah mereka dan indikator kepuasan masyarakat dalam berpartisipasi menjadi indikator-indikator capaian keberhasilan dalam penelitian ini.

Post disaster reconstruction housing project is dilemmatic. Many devastated resources, chaotic situation, scarce of resources in supply side and limited time to reconstruct are several difficulties have to deal with. On the other hand, it also could be seen as a good opportunity to enhance the level of development in housing sector, improve this housing condition to reduce the vulnerability to future disasters which should be implemented in sustainability, and good chance to improve the capacity, especially technical capacity about earthquake resistant housing, of the victims. Turen is one of many villages in Yogyakarta devastated by the earthquake in 2006. This research has been conducted there because Turen is one of many HfHI’s projects that succeed in the community participation. From 80 households that became HfHI’s beneficiaries, 27 households were chosen as respondents based on purposive sampling. Data analysis will be done through a qualitative – descriptive method using primary and secondary data through comparison of both kinds of data, and international or national experience related to this cases have been found. The data will be displayed in graphs, tables and the qualitative data will be processed to be quantitative data using simple statistics method (percentage, distributive frequency, means) analyses. Empowerment, community ownership, self reliance and participation activeness are four factors influenced the successful of community participation in Turen community. Each of them has various characteristics in the process of reconstruction. These were big achievements, community participation method gave significant impact: speeds up the reconstruction process by strengthen the sense of community, thinking positively thus time wasting conflict could be relatively reduced. Sustainable development in the sense of environmental friendly construction material using, expand their core house through synergizing internalexternal resources also being achieved. Capacity building which include social sense and physical also significantly realized. The last achievement is that Turen community enjoy and like what th

Kata Kunci : Rekonstruksi rumah pasca bencana,Empowerment,Community ownership,Self reliance,Keaktifan berpartisipasi,Peningkatan kapasitas masyarakat,Pembangunan berkelanjutan