Kandungan vinblastin dan anatomi daun tapak dara (Catharanthus roseus (L) G. Don) bunga putih dan ungu dengan perlakuan pupuk urin sapi

ALI, Aisyah, Dr. L. Hartanto Nugroho, M.Agr

2009 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Daun tapak dara (Catharanthus roseus (L) G.Don) mengandung vinblastin yang berfungsi sebagai senyawa anti kanker. Terdapat dua varietas tapak dara yang sering dijumpai di alam yaitu tapak dara bunga putih dan ungu. Kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder dan anatomi daun dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan hara pada media tumbuh. Pupuk urin adalah bahan yang mengandung unsur-unsur hara yang diperlukan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan vinblastin dan anatomi daun tapak dara bunga putih dan ungu setelah perlakuan pupuk urin sapi dalam media tumbuh. Pada penelitian ini digunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial dengan 2 faktor perlakuan. Faktor pertama adalah dosis pupuk urin sapi, terdiri atas : 0 ml, 5 ml, 10 ml, 15 dan 20 ml. Pemupukan dilakukan sebanyak 5 kali dimulai pada tanaman berumur 20 hari, 25 hari, 30 hari, 35 hari dan 40 hari. Faktor kedua adalah varietas tapak dara yaitu tapak dara bunga putih dan tapak dara bunga ungu. Digunakan 5 kali ulangan sehingga diperoleh 50 unit perlakuan. Parameter yang diamati adalah kandungan vinblastin pada daun, panjang dan jumlah palisade, palisade ratio, indeks stomata dan panjang trikoma daun tapak dara bunga putih dan ungu pada umur 60 hari. Uji fitokimia dengan metode HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography), dianalisis dengan pembacaan peak dan konsentrasi senyawa pada kromatogram. Preparat anatomi daun dipersiapkan dengan metode parafin dan leaf clearing. Data anatomi dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), dilanjutkan uji DMRT (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test) pada taraf uji 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan pupuk urin sapi meningkatkan kandungan vinblastin pada kedua varietas dengan dosis optimum 15 ml. Kandungan vinblastin daun tapak dara bunga putih lebih tinggi dibandingkan daun tapak dara bunga ungu. Perlakuan pupuk urin berpengaruh terhadap panjang palisade, indeks stomata dan panjang trikoma tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah palisade dan palisade ratio pada kedua varietas.

The Madagascar Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus (L) G.Don) leaves contains vinblastine, functioning as anticancer compound. There are two varieties of Madagascar Periwinkle frequently found in the nature, that is, Madagascar Periwinkle varieties with white and purple flowers. Secondary metabolite compound content and leaf anatomy are affected by the availability of nutrient in the media where they growth. Urine fertilizer is material containing nutrient elements needed by plants. This research objective was to find content of vinblastine and leaf anatomy of Madagascar Periwinkle with white and purple flowers after treating cow urine fertilizer in growth media. This research used completely randomized design (CRD) of factorial patterns with two treatment factors. The first factor was dosage of cow urine fertilizers, consisting of: 0 ml, 5 ml, 15 ml and 20 ml. Fertilizer was applied 5 times to plants from ages of 20 days, 25 days, 30 days, 35 days and 40 days old. Second factor was variety of Madagascar Periwinkle with white and purple flowers. Used 5 replications so that there were 50 treatment units. Observed parameters were content of vinblastine in leaves, length and number of palisades, palisade ratio, stomata index and trichome length of Madagascar Periwinkle leaves with white and purple flowers at 60 days old. Phytochemical test with HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) method was analyzed by peak reading and concentration of compound in chromatogram. Leaf anatomy was prepared by methods paraffin and leaf clearing. Based from anatomycal structure observation, data were analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), followed by DMRT (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test) test of 5% test level. Research results indicated that treatment of cow urine fertilizer increased content of vinblastine in both varieties with 15 ml optimum dosage. Content of vinblastine of Madagascar Periwinkle leaves with white flowers was higher than leaves with purple flowers. Treatment of cow urine fertilizer had effect on palisade length, stomata index, and trichome length, but did not have effect on number of palisades and palisade ratio in both varieties.

Kata Kunci : Vinblastin,Anatomi daun,Catharanthus roseus,Urin sapi, vinblastine, leaf anatomy, Catharanthus roseus, cow urine