Metode pemeliharaan ulat sutera liar atakas, Attacus atlas (Linn.) (Lepidoptera : Saturniidae) menggunakan pakan buatan berbasis empat jenis pakan alami di laboratorium

SUKIRNO, Prof. Dr. Jesmandt Situmorang, M.Sc

2009 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Penelitian tentang metode pemeliharaan ulat sutera liar atakas, Attacus atlas (Linn.) menggunakan pakan buatan berbasis empat jenis pakan alami di laboratorium telah dilakukan. Penelitian dilaksanakan November 2008 hingga April 2009 di Laboratorium Entomologi, Fakultas Biologi, Universit as Gadjah Mada. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh perbedaan jenis cahaya terhadap keberhasilan hidup dan kualitas kokon atakas menggunakan pakan daun keben, serta pengaruh pakan buatan berbasis pakan alami terhadap keberhasilan hidup, kualitas kokon atakas dan kadar protein hemolimfe larva atakas instar VI. Pengujian pengaruh perbedaan jenis cahaya terhadap atakas dilakukan dengan menggunakan lampu TL dan lampu bolam dengan daya 120 W dan intensitas cahaya 150 lx. Pemeliharaan larva atakas instar I menggunakan pakan buatan dilakukan dengan pakan buatan yang disangga dengan sodo bambu. Setelah larva mencapai instar II umur 2 hari, larva kemudian dipelihara dalam besek bambu berukuran 20 cm x 20 cm x 10 cm hingga pupasi. Jenis tanaman pakan yang digunakan dalam pakan buatan yaitu keben, mahoni, gempol dan sirsat. Analisis kadar protein hemolimfe dilakukan terhadap larva instar VI umur 2 hari menggunakan metode Folin Lowry . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk semua parameter yang diukur, dengan menggunakan sumber cahaya lampu bolam adalah lebih baik daripada dengan cahaya lampu TL. Pada perlakuan lampu bolam tingkat keberhasilan hidup atakas untuk membentuk kokon 82 %, berat kokon 8,85 + 1,84 g, dan persentase kokon yang berwarna baik adalah 41,46 %, sedangkan pada perlakuan lampu TL masing- masing adalah 78 %, 7,48 + 1,60 g dan 0 %. Tingkat keberhasilan hidup, kualitas kokon dan kadar protein hemolimfe yang dihasilkan atakas dengan menggunakan pakan buatan berbasis daun keben adalah yang terbaik dibandingkan dengan menggunakan pakan buatan berbasis daun mahoni, gempol dan sirsat. Tingkat keberhasilan hidup atakas dari larva hingga menjadi imago adalah 74,53 + 5,73%. Berat kokon yang dihasilkan atakas berkisar 5,32 – 11,49 g dengan rerata 7,01 + 0,5 g. Berat kokon kosong yang dihasilkan atakas berkisar 0,71 – 1,26 g dengan rerata 1,1 + 0,24 g. Kadar protein hemolimfe larva atakas dengan pakan buatan berbasis keben berkisar 25,02 – 30,2 mg/ml dengan rerata 28,057 + 1,60 mg/ml.

Rearing methods of wild silkmoth, Attacus atlas (Linn.), by using plant fodderbased artificial diets in the laboratory were investigated. This research has been conducted from November 2008 to April 2009 at the Laboratory of Entomology, Faculty of Biology Gadjah Mada University. The aims of this research were to study the effects of different light sources on survivorship, and cocoon quality of atakas which were fed on barringtonia leaves. Effects of different plant fodder-based artificial diets on survivorship, cocoon quality and haemolymph proteins content of the 6th instar larvae were also studied. The effects of different light sources on atakas were used neon and bulb 120 W and 150 lx intensity. Neonate larvae were reared in petri dishes in which artificial diets were supported by sodo (small bamboo sticks). The 2nd instar larvae were reared in besek measuring 20 cm x 20 cm x 10 cm until pupation. The four species of different plant fodders used as the basis component in the artificial diets were namely Barringtonia, mahogany, Nauclea and soursop. Analysis of haemolymph proteins content of 6th instar larvae using Folin Lowry methods. The results of all parameters showed that the using of bulb as light source was better than using neon. In the bulb treatment, the atakas survivorship s from larvae till cocooning were 82 %, cocoon weight were 8.85 + 1.84 g, and percentage of good cocoon color were 41.46 %, while in the neon treatment were 78 %, 7,48 + 1,60 g and 0 % respectively. The survivorship, cocoon quality, and haemolymph proteins content of those larvae fed on barringtonia-based artificial diet was better than of those larvae fed on mahogany, Nauclea, and soursop based artificial diets. The average survivorship s from larvae till adults were 74.53 + 5.73%. The cocoon weights were ranging from 5.32 to 11.49 g and the average was 7.01 + 0.5 g. The cocoon weights were ranging from 0.71 to 1.26 g and the average was 1.1 + 0.24 g. The protein contents of larvae those fed on barringtonia-based artificial diet were ranging from 25.02 to 30.2 mg/ml and the average was 28.057 + 1.60 mg/ml.

Kata Kunci : Attacus atlas (Linn.), metode pemeliharaan, pakan buatan berbasis pakan alami, protein hemolimfe, rearing methods, plant fodders-based artificial diets, haemolymph proteins