Kapasitas paru-paru dan nila hematologis siswa SMP PGRI Ungaran setelah melakukan latihan pernafasan

PURNOMO, Cahyo Hadi, Drs. Suharno, SU

2009 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Latihan pernafasan adalah salah satu olahraga yang bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan kesehatan dan kebugaran tubuh. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan pernafasan terhadap kapasitas vital paru-paru, jumlah eritrosit, kadar Hb, nilai hematokrit dan total protein darah pada manusia. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah total sampling artinya mengambil seluruh siswa yang ikut ekstra Beladiri Ragajati sebagai sampel untuk dijadikan objek penelitian. Sampel yang digunakan untuk penelitian berjumlah 16, yaitu siswa SMP Kelas VII, VIII dan IX sebanyak 16 orang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 4 orang : (a) kelompok pertama adalah siswa yang tidak mengikuti latihan, sebagai kontrol, (b) kelompok kedua adalah siswa yang mengikuti latihan Beladiri Ragajati seminggu sekali, (c) kelompok ketiga (latihan seminggu 2 kali), (d) kelompok keempat (latihan seminggu 3 kali), berusia 12-15 tahun, yang mempunyai variasi tinggi dan berat badan yang hampir seragam, serta tidak mempunyai kebiasaan merokok. Latihan pernafasan dilakukan selama 3 bulan. Pengukuran kapasitas vital paru-paru dan nilai hematologis dilaksanakan sebanyak 3 kali, yaitu awal sebelum latihan, setelah latihan selama 2 dan 3 bulan. Pengukuran kapasitas vital paru-paru menggunakan Spirometer. Pengukuran jumlah eritrosit, kadar Hb, nilai hematokrit menggunakan Hematology Analyzer dan pengukuran total protein darah menggunakan Photometer. Analisis data dengan uji One way ANOVA untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan terhadap variabel yang diukur. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test) untuk mengetahui taraf signifikansi diantara sampel penelitian (α=5%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa latihan pernafasan dapat meningkatkan kapasitas vital paru-paru, kadar hemoglobin dan jumlah eritrosit, tetapi tidak dapat meningkatkan nilai hematokrit dan total protein darah.

Respiration exercise is one of sport which useful to increase health and fitness of the body. The main target of this research is for knowing influence respiration exercise to lungs vital capacity, erythrocyte amount, Hb rate, hematocryt value and totalize blood protein of human. The technique taking of sample in this research is total sampling, it means sampling take all students which follow extracurricular the Ragajati self defence as sample to be made the research object. Sample which used for the research is 16 , that are VII, VIII and IX grade students of Junior High School of 16 people divided into 4 group, each group consist of 4 people : (a) first group are students which do not following exercise, as control, ( b) second group are students following exercise the Ragajati self defence once a week, ( c) third group (exercise twice a week), (d) fourth group (exercise three times a week), students sample is rated 12-15 years, which have variation in weight and height of body which almost the same, and also didn't have smoking habit. Respiration exercise were conducted during 3 months. Measurement of lungs vital capacity and hematologyc value were conducted 3 times, that is early before exercise, after exercise during 2 and 3 months. Lungs vital capacity were measured using Spirometer. erythrocyte amount, Hb rate, hematocryt value were measured using Hematology Analyzer, and totalize blood protein were measured using Photometer. Data were analyzed using One way ANOVA test to know treatment influence towards measuring variable. Then continued with DMRT test (Duncan's Multiple Range Test) to know the signification level among research sample (α = 5%). The results showed that respiration exercise can increase lungs vital capacity, hemoglobin rate, and erythrocyte amount, but can’t increase hematocryt value and totalize blood protein.

Kata Kunci : Latihan pernafasan,Kapasitas vital paru,kadar hemoglobin,Eritrosit,Nilai hematokrit,Total protein darah, Respiration Exercise, Lungs Vital Capacity, Hemoglobyne rate, erythrocyte amount, hematocryt Value, Totalize Blood Protein