Pengaruh pencemaran limbah kromium (Cr) terhadap kemelimpahan larva Chironomus di Sungai Code Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

DZAKIY, M. Anas, Prof. Dr. S. Djalal Tandjung, M.Sc

2009 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kemelimpahan larva Chironomus. sebelum dan sesudah outlet limbah kromium dari industri penyamakan kulit di Sungai Code Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, serta mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh pencemaran limbah kromium (Cr) terhadap kemelimpahan larva Chironomus. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2009 di sungai Code Yogyakarta, dengan 7 stasiun pengambilan sampel, tiap stasiun dibuat 3 ulangan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi parameter utama : kadar Cr dalam sedimen dan Larva Chironomus. Parameter fisiko-kimia pendukung : DO, BOD, CO2 bebas, alkalinitas, suhu air, pH air dan sedimen, arus air, serta kandungan senyawa organik sedimen (C-N-P). Untuk mengetahui perbedaan kemelimpahan larva Chironomus sebelum dan sesudah outlet limbah, dilakukan Analisis Variansi (ANAVA), jika ada beda nyata maka dilakukan uji lanjut dengan LSD (Least Signifikan Difference Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beda nyata secara signifikan antara sebelum dan sesudah outlet limbah kromium di Sungai Code dilihat dari kemelimpahan larva Chironomus. Kemelimpahan larva di stasiun sebelum outlet : ). Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kehadiran limbah kromium dengan kemelimpahan Larva Chironomus digunakan Analisis Korelasi Regresi Ganda Bertahap. Plemburan (18,83 ind/L), Sinduadi (180,33 ind/L), dan Sayidan (85,33 ind/L), dan sesudah outlet : Keparakan Kidul (1242,33 ind/L), Jotawang (1013,67 ind/L), Karangkajen (651,83 ind/L), dan Bangunharjo (152 ind/L). Analisis Korelasi Regresi Ganda Bertahap menunjukkan bahwa kandungan limbah kromium (kromium total dan Cr6+) tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kemelimpahan larva Chironomus. Parameter fisiko-kimia lain justru memberikan pengaruh paling kuat terhadap kemelimpahan larva Chironomus adalah kandungan P total (R2 = 0,76 ).

This study aims to determine the abundance of Chironomids larvae both of before and after the outlet of chromium waste-water from leather tanning industry to the River Code of Yogyakarta, and knowing the presence or absence of pollution impact of chromium waste-water to the abundance of Chironomids larvae. This research was conducted on January, 2009 at the River Code Yogyakarta, using 7 sampling stations, each station is made by 3 tests. The observed parameters include the main parameters; levels of chromium in the sediment and Chironomids larvae. The physico-chemical parameters i.e : DO, BOD, CO2, alkalinity, water temperature, pH of water and sediment, water flow, and organic compounds content sediments (C-N-P). To find the abundance of Chironomids larvae both of before and after the waste-water outlet using Variance Analysis (ANAVA), if there is a real difference then conducted further tests with LSD (Least Significant Difference). To determine the relationship between the presence of chromium wastewater with the abundance of Chironomids larvae using The Multiple Regression and Correlation Analysis for Dual Gradually. The results showed significant about the abundance of Chironomids larvae between both before i.e Plemburan (18,83 ind/L), Sinduadi (180,33 ind/L), Sayidan (85,33 ind/L) and after i.e Keparakan Kidul (1242,33 ind/L), Jotawang (1013,67 ind/L), Karangkajen (651,83 ind/L), Bangunharjo (152 ind/L) of the outlet of chromium waste-water in River Code. Multiple Regression and Correlation Analysis showed that the compound gradually waste chromium (total chromium and Cr6+) didn’t have a significant influence on the abundance of Chironomids larvae. The other physico-chemical parameters that gives most influence over the abundance of Chironomids larvae is total P (R2 = 0,76 ).

Kata Kunci : Pencemaran logam berat,Kromium,Larva chironomus,Sungai Code,heavy metal pollution, Chromium, Chironomids larvae, River Code