Pertumbuhan tanaman kandungan vitamin C, dan capsaicin cabai merah (Capsicum annuum L. ev. OR-Korin 720) hasil perlakuan kombinasi pupuk isi rumen sapi dan NPK (15-15-15)

INDRAWATI, Dr. Kumala Dewi, M.Sc. St

2009 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh penggunaan pupuk Isi Rumen Sapi (IRS) dan NPK (15-15-15), serta kombinasinya terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman, kandungan vitamin C, dan kandungan capsaicin cabai merah (Capsicum annum L. cv. OR-KORIN 720). Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Berkelompok atau Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) dengan faktorial 3 x 4. Faktor utama adalah perlakuan pupuk isi rumen sapi sebagai campuran media tanam terdiri dari 0% (R0), 25% (R1), dan 50% (R3) dari media tanam, dan faktor kedua adalah perlakuan pupuk NPK (15-15-15) yang terdiri dari 4 level yaitu: 0 g (N0), 2,5 g (N1), 5 g (N2), dan 7,5 g (N3). Untuk masing-masing kombinasi perlakuan digunakan 5 ulangan. Bibit tanaman cabai umur 3 minggu ditumbuhkan dalam polybag 30x35 cm yang berisi 5 kg media tanam berupa campuran tanah regosol dengan IRS sesuai perlakuan. Penyiraman dilakukan secara rutin tiap hari. Pemupukan NPK dilakukan bersamaan dengan persiapan media tanam, selanjutnya diulang 3 dan 6 minggu setelah tanam. Pertumbuhan vegetatif diamati selama 6 minggu dan dilakukan pengukuran parameter meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang primer, jumlah cabang sekunder, jumlah dan berat buah. Pengukuran kandungan vitamin C dan capsaicin buah cabai dilakukan pada buah hasil panen ke-3. Pengukuran bobot basah dan bobot kering tanaman dilakukan setelah panen ke-3 (135 hst). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan Duncan´s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pupuk IRS berpengaruh nyata dalam meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang primer, jumlah cabang sekunder, bobot basah, bobot kering, jumlah buah, berat buah, kandungan vitamin C dan capsaicin. Jumlah buah, berat buah dan kandungan vitamin C yang optimal ditemukan berturut-turut pada perlakuan R1N0, R2N2 dan R1N2. Perlakuan pupuk IRS mampu meningkatkan kadar capsaicin buah cabai, tetapi kombinasi pupuk IRS dan NPK dengan konsentrasi tinggi (7,5 g) lebih meningkatkan kadar capsaicin buah.

This study aims to evaluate the effects of cow-rumen fertilizer, NPK (15-15-15) and its combination towards plant growth, content of C vitamin, and capsaicin content of red pepper (Capsicum annum L. cv. OR-KORIN 720). The design experiment was Randomized Complete Block Design (RBCD) with 3x4 factorial. The first factor was cow-rumen fertilizer treatment as the mixture of planting media, which consists of 3 levels namely 0% (R0), 25% (R1) and 50% (R2) from planting media. The second factor was NPK fertilizer treatment (15-15-15), which consists of 4 levels namely 0 g (N0), 2.5 g (N1), 5 g (N2) and 7.5 g (N3). 5 replicates were used for each treatment combination. Pepper seedling of pepper with age of 3 weeks old were planted in polybag size 30x35 cm containing a mixture of 5 kg planting media, which consists of regosol soil and cow-rumen fertilizer (IRS) with concentration as mentioned in the design experiment. Plants were watered daily and NPK was applied when preparation of planting media was carried out and repeated 3 and 6 weeks after planting. Vegetative growth was observed during 6 weeks and several parameters such as plant height, number of primary branch, number of secondary branch, total number of fruit and its weight were measured. Contents of C vitamin and capsaicin of red pepper were measured in the red pepper fruit harvested for the third time harvest. Measurement of fresh weight and dry weight were taken after the third harvest (135 d after planting). Data were collected then analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result suggests that IRS treatment has a significant correlation in improving plant height, number of primary branch, number of secondary branch, fresh weight, dry weight, total number of fruit and its weight, contents of C vitamin and capsaicin. Total number of fruit, its weight, and optimal content of C vitamin were found on R1N0, R2N2, and R1N2 treatments, respectively. IRS treatment was found able to improve capsaicin content of red pepper, but combination IRS and NPK with high concentration (7.5 g) was found better in improving the content of fruit capsaicin.

Kata Kunci : Pupuk isi rumen sapi,NPK (15,15,15),Pertumbuhan,Vitamin C,Capsain,Capsicum annuum L ev OR,KORIN 720,Cow-rumen fertilizer,NPK (15-15-15), growth,C vitamin,capsaicin,Capsicum annum L. cv. OR-KORIN 720.