Perilaku pekerja musiman dalam pencegahan malaria :: Studi di Puskesmas Tegalombo Kabupaten Pacitan

WIDJONARKO, Bambang, Dra. Yayi Suryo Prabandari, M.Si, Ph.D

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar belakang: Kabupaten Pacitan merupakan salah satu kabupaten di Propinsi Jawa Timur dengan angka kesakitan malaria paling tinggi (5,64 per 1000 penduduk) pada tahun 2000. Angka kesakitan malaria tersebut pada umumnya didominasi oleh penderita import dari luar Jawa. Tingginya penderita import tersebut dikhawatirkan akan menyebabkan terjadinya penularan setempat (indigenous). Untuk menurunkan angka kesakitan tersebut, upaya penyuluhan telah dilakukan oleh Dinas Kesehatan bersama puskesmas. Perubahan perilaku manusia merupakan salah satu upaya pencegahan penyakit malaria. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan memperoleh gambaran serta pemahaman tentang perilaku pekerja musiman dalam pencegahan malaria di Pacitan. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan rancangan studi kasus. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 23 orang pekerja musiman yang sakit malaria dan pekerja musiman yang sehat di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tegalombo Kabupaten Pacitan. Metode pengumpulan data meliputi pemeriksaan sediaan darah, wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan diskusi kelompok terarah. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil dan pembahasan: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pekerja musiman kurang memahami pengertian dan penyebab malaria, sedangkan pengetahuan tentang gejala, cara penularan dan cara pencegahan malaria sudah cukup baik. Sikap pekerja musiman terhadap pencegahan malaria positif. Mereka mengatakan bahwa penyakit malaria berbahaya, menular, dapat dicegah dan perlu menghindari gigitan nyamuk. Tindakan yang pernah dilakukan pekerja musiman dalam pencegahan malaria meliputi, berobat bila sakit, bila malam tidur pakai obat anti nyamuk atau kelambu, menjaga kebersihan lingkungan, air tergenang disalurkan. Risiko keadaan lingkungan sekitar rumah masih cukup tinggi terhadap kejadian malaria. Kesimpulan: Pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan pekerja musiman sudah cukup baik dalam pencegahan malaria, sedangkan lingkungan sekitar rumahnya mempunyai risiko tinggi terhadap kejadian malaria.

Background: Pacitan district is one district in East Java province that has high rate of malaria disease (5.64 per 1,000 populations) in 2000. The people that suffered from malaria mostly come from outside area or “imported patient”. The high of imported case may cause local transmission (indigenous). To reduse the incidence rate, District Health Office and Primary Health Center has carried out health education. Furthermore, behavior change is one effort to prevent malaria disease. Objective: The objective of this researh is to explore the preventive behavior of malaria among seasonal workers in Pacitan. Method: This research is a qualitative research using a case study design. Participants of this research were 23 seasonal workers, including who were suffered from malaria who were healthy, in Tegalombo, Pacitan district. Data collection methods consisted of blood test, in-depth interview, observation and focus group discussion. Data was analyzed descriptively. Results and discussion: The research result indicated that seasonal workers had lack understanding of cause and definition of malaria, while their knowledge about symptoms, transmission and malaria prevention was sufficient. The attitude of seasonal worker to ward malaria prevention was positive. They reported that malaria was dabgerous disease, could be prevented and people needs to avoid mosquito bitten. ailment, catching, earn in preventing, and avoid from mosquito bite. The prevention behavior or seasonal worker which had been applied were took medicine when suffered, used mosquito repellent or bed net, maintaining clean water and environment. Result base on observation showed that the surrounding environment of seasonal worker living area was high risk to increase the malaria incidence. Conclusion: Seasonal worker knowledge, attitude and behavior toward malaria prevention was sufficient, while the environment of their living area was remain high risk to occurrence of malaria.

Kata Kunci : Perilaku,Pencegahan malaria ; attitude – the prevention of malaria