Pengaruh senam bugar lansia terhadap daya tahan jantung paru, status gizi dan tekanan darah lansia hipertensi di Posyandu Kecamatan Pahandut Kota Palangkaraya

THRISTYANANINGSIH, Sri, dr. Probosuseno, SpPD, K-Ger

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Proses penuaan yang terjadi secara alami pada kehidupan manusia tidak hanya menyebabkan penurunan fungsi tubuh, tetapi juga berdampak pada aspek mental dan sosialnya. Pada lanjut usia akan timbul masalah seperti meningkatnya prevalensi penyakit degeneratif. Hipertensi telah menjadi masalah kesehatan yang serius dan tantangan bagi kesehatan masyarakat di dunia tidak hanya karena tingginya prevalensi tetapi juga faktor risiko utama penyakit kardiovaskuler. Berbagai upaya pencegahan dan pengobatan farmakologis maupun non farmakologis, namun sampai saat ini penderita hipertensi belum dapat dikendalikan dengan optimal. Konsekuensinya menggunakan intervensi perilaku dalam pengobatan penderita hipertensi. Salah satu bentuk intervensi yang disarankan adalah senam bugar lansia Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh senam bugar lansia terhadap peningkatan daya tahan jantung paru, status gizi dan penurunan tekanan darah lansia hipertensi di posyandu Kecamatan Pahandut Kota Palangka Raya Metode: Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah peneltian eksperimen (before after) tanpa kelompok kontrol dengan rancangan penelitian one group pretest postest designs. Penilaian dilakukan pada minggu kedua, ketiga dan keempat terhadap daya tahan jantung paru, status gizi dan tekanan darah lansia hipertensi, ketaatan senam dan recall 24 jam asupan makan. Perlakuan yang diberikan berupa ceramah dan senam bugar lansia paket D. Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara senam bugar lansia dengan daya tahan jantung paru , status gizi dan tekanan darah sistolik hipertensi P<0,05. Hasil Wilcoxon signed ranks test dan Paired sample test antara senam bugar lansia terhadap peningkatan daya tahan jantung paru ada hubungan yang bermakna (p= 0,001), begitu pula terhadap status gizi ada hubungan yang bermakna (p= 0,002) serta terhadap penurunan tekanan darah sistolik ada hubungan yang bermakna (p = 0,001) dan terhadap penurunan tekanan darah diastolik ada hubungan yang bermakna (p = 0,002). Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan signifikan antara pengaruh senam bugar lansia terhadap peningkatan daya tahan jantung paru, status gizi dan penurunan tekanan darah lansia hipertensi

Background: Aging that happens naturally in human life does not only cause physical dysfunction but also have an impact to mental and social aspects. In the elderly there is a problem of degenerative disease. Hypertension has become a serious health problem and a major challenge of public health world wide because of either high prevalence or major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Pharmacological as well as non pharmacological efforts have been made to prevent and cure the disease, however until today the growing number of hypertensive patients has not been successfully controlled. Consequently behavioral intervention has to be made to cure hypertensive patients. One of the recommended interventions is fitness exercise for the elderly. Objective: The study aimed to identify the effect of fitness exercise to increasing stamina of heart and lung, nutrition status and reduced blood pressure of hypertensive elderly at integrated service post of Subdistrict of Pahandut, Palangkaraya Municipality. Method: The study was a experiment (before and after) without control group using one group pre test post test study design. Subject of the study was a group with pre experimental, evaluation, effect of variables and post experimental evaluation. Measurement was made in week two, three and four to blood pressure, heart and lung stamina, nutrition status of hypertensive elderly, discipline in exercise and food recall 24 hours. The interventions made were lecture and fitness exercise package D for the elderly. Result: There was significant association between elderly fitness exercise and systolic blood pressure, heart and lung stamina and nutrition status of hypertensive elderly (p<0.05). Result of Wilcoxon signed ranks test and Paired sample test between gymnastic elderly on increase of endure capacity heart lung are significantly associated (p=0,001) and so on nutritional status (p=0,002) and decrease sistolik tension (p=0,001) and diastolic tension (p=0,002). Conclusion: There was significant association between elderly fitness exercise and the increase of heart and lung stamina, nutrition status and the decrease of blood pressure in hypertensive elderly.

Kata Kunci : Senam bugar lansia,Daya tahan jantung paru,Status gizi,Tekanan darah lanjut usia hipertensi, elderly fitness exercise, stamina, heart and lung, nutrition status, blood pressure, elderly