Pengaruh pemberian makanan tambahan yang bergizi terhadap status anemia dan prestasi belajar anak sekolah dasar yang anemia di Kecamatan Kartasura Kabupaten Sukoharjo

RUHANA, Amalia, Prof. dr. Hamam Hadi, MS, ScD

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang : Beberapa penelitian telah memperlihatkan adanya hubungan antara anemia dengan gangguan funsi otak serta perilaku kognitif. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk menanggulangi anemia, tetapi anemia masih saja tetap ada. Tujuan : Untuk Mengkaji pengaruh pemberian makanan tambahan yang bergizi terhadap status anemia dan prestasi belajar pada anak sekolah dasar yang anemia di kecamatan kartasura, kabupaten sukoharjo. Metode : Jenis penelitia adalah eksperimentak semu ( Quasi Eksperimental). Total responden sebanyak 87 anak sekolah dasar yang anemia, terdiri dari 41 anak kelompok makanan bergizi dan 46 anak kelompok suplemen Fe. Penelitian dilakukan di 16 Sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Kartasuro, Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Kelompok makanan bergizi mendapatkan makanan tambahan yang bergizi. Kelompok suplemen besi mendapatkan sirup Fe Sulfat 30 mg. Intervensi berlangsung selama seminggu. Status hemoglobin diukur dengan cyanmethomogloin, pretasi belajar diukur dengan menggunakan nilai tes mata pelajaran matematika, ilmu pengetahuan alam, dan bahasa indonesia. Analisis bivariat Uji t di gunakan untuk menegetahui perbedaan selisish hemoglobin dan prestasi belajar sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Analisis regresi bivariat linier multivariabel di gunakan untuk beberapa variabel yang diduga berhubungan dengan kadar hemoglobin da pretasi belajar. Hasil : Setelah intervensi, kadar b kelompok makanan bergizi adalah 11,34 ±0,60 g/dl (naik sebesar 0,373 g/dl), kadar Hb kelompok suplemen Fe adalah 11,86 ± 0,70 g/dl (naik sebesar 0,691). Prestasi belajar kedua kelompok mengalami penurunan, kelompok makanan bergizi mengalami penuruanan sebesar 3,49 ± 11,12 poin, sementara kelompok suplemen Fe mengalami penurunan sebesar 6,12 ± 14,08 poin. Kesimpulan : Pemberian makanan tambahan yang bergizi dan pemberian Fe dapat meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin secara signifikan. Tidak terdapat perbedaan kenaikan hemoglobin dan slisih nilai prestasi belajar kelompok makanan bergizi dan kelompok suplemen Fe.

Background: Previous researches have proven that relationship anemia and brain function disorder as well as cognitive behaviors are related. Various attempts have been done to cure anemia, yet it is still there in the environment. Objective: To explore the effect of nutritious food to elementary school students in Kartasura, Sukoharjo, with anemia and their performance at school. Methods: The research method applied here is quasi experiment. Total respondents were 87 elementary school students with anemia, which divided into two groups: nutritious food (41 students) and Fe supplement (46 students). The study was done in 16 elementary schools in Kartasura, Sukoharjo. The first group was given additional nutritional food for 12 weeks. Meanwhile, the second group was given 30 mg of Fe Sulphate syrup. Hemoglobin status was measured by cyanmethemoglobin level and school performance was measured by their test scores in math, science, and Indonesian. Analysis of bivariate t tests was then applied to discover the difference between hemoglobin level and the children’s school performance in both groups. The second analysis of bivariate t tests were the paired ones which were used to determine the difference between hemoglobin level and school performance before and after intervention. Lastly, analysis of multivariable linear regression was applied to some variables that were suspected to affect hemoglobin level and the children’s school performance. Results: After intervension, the hb level of nutritious food group was 11,34 ±0,60 g/dL (increased by 0,373 g/dL), and the Hb level of Fe supplement group was 11,86 ± 0,70 g/dL (increased by 0,691 g/dL). Study performance of both groups experienced a down trend; the nutritious food group's performance was down by 3,49 ± 11,12 points, while the Fe supplement group's performance was down by 6,12 ± 14,08 points. Conclusion: By providing children suffering anemia with extra feeding with high nutrition and Fe Sulphate can increase their hemoglobin level significantly. There is no relationship between the raise of hemoglobin level and test performance difference between nutritious food and Fe supplement groups.

Kata Kunci : Anemia,Anak usia sekolah,Pemberian makanan tambahan,Prestasi belajar,anemia, school-age children, extra feeding, school performance