Obesitas dan prestasi belajar pada siswa sekolah menengah pertama di Kota Yogyakarta

SULASTRI, Titi, Prof. dr. M.Hakimi, SpOG(K), Ph.D

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Obesitas merupakan fenomena new world syndrome atau sidrom dunia baru telah menimbulkan beban sosial ekonomi serta kesehatan masyarakat di negara-negara maju dan berkembang termasuk Indonesia.Overweight dan obesitas pada anak-anak dan remaja menyebabkan peningkatan tekanan darah, kolesterol, radang sendi, diabetes tipe II, penyakit jantung empedu, asma depresi, cemas dan terisolasi dari teman sebaya sehingga masalahnya bukan hanya pada obesitasnya saja tetapi bagaimana konsekuensi fisik dan emosional dari obesitas tersebut juga memberikan dampak negatif pada prestasi belajar. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui perbedaan nilai rata-rata prestasi belajar antara siswa obes dengan siswa yang tidak obes. Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian ini adalah adalah observasional, dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama di Kota Yogyakarta. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 140. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan non probability sampling menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Analisis data melalui tiga tahapan, yaitu analisis univariabel, bivariabel meggunakan analisis t-test dan multivariabel menggunakan analisis multiple regression. Hasil : Terdapat perbedaan nilai rata-rata prestasi belajar antara siswa obes dan tidak obes, dengan nilai koefisien = -1,46 dan nilai R² sebesar 0,0803 (8,03%). Hasil analisis multivariat antara status obesitas dengan prestasi belajar memiliki hubungan bermakna yang dapat dilihat dari nilai CI= -2,81 - 0,10 dan p=0,03. Faktor lain yang mempengaruhi prestasi belajar adalah status sosial ekonomi dan motivasi berprestasi. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan nilai rata-rata prestasi belajar antara siswa obes dan tidak obes, dimana prestasi belajar siswa yang mengalami obesitas cenderung lebih rendah bila dibandingkan dengan siswa yang tidak obes.

Background: Obesity poses a phenomenon of new world syndrome leading to burdens in social economic sector as well as health sector in some developed and developing countries, including Indonesia. Based on facts, overweight and obesity in children and adolescents cause an increased blood pressure, cholesterol, joint inflammation, diabetes type II, heart disease, asthma due to depression, anxiety, and being isolated from peer friends and others. Those problems result not only in obesity but also in physical and emotional consequences that give negative impacts toward school achievement. Objective: To investigate mean difference of school achievement between obese students and non obese students. Method: This was an observational study using a cross-sectional study design. Population was junior high school students in Yogyakarta Municipality. Subjects were 140 people. Samples were taken with non probability sampling using a purposive sampling method. Data analysis was through three steps, namely univariable analysis, bivariable analysis using t-test and multivariable using multiple regression. Results: There was a significant difference in mean of school achievement between obese students and non obese students with coefficient value of -1.46 and R² value of 0.0803 (8.03%). In addition, the result of multivariate analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between obesity status and school achievement (CI= -2.81 – -0.10 and p=0.03). Other factors affecting school achievement were socioeconomic status and motivation. Conclusion: There was a difference of mean of school achievement between obese students and non obese students, in which school achievement of obese students tended to be lower than that of non obese students.

Kata Kunci : Obesitas,Remaja,Prestasi belajar, Obesity, adolescent, school achievement