Pengaruh level dan frekuensi penyemprotan formalin (formaldehid 37 persen) pada litter terhadap kandungan amonia total bakteri litter dan performans pertumbuhan ayam broiler

WIDODO, Nur, Prof. Ir. Wihandoyo, MS., Ph.D

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Peternakan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyemprotan formalin pada litter ayam broiler terhadap karakteristik litter, performans pertumbuhan ayam broiler. Seratus lima puluh ayam broiler jantan ditempatkan pada perlakuan litter yang berbeda yaitu kombinasi level formalin (0, 4, 8 dan 12%) dan frekuensi penyemprotan setiap (1, 2 dan 3 minggu sekali) sehingga terbentuk 10 perlakuan (D0F0, D4F1, D4F2, D4F3, D8F1, D8F2, D8F3, D12F1, D12F2 dan D12F3). Data yang dikumpulkan adalah pH litter, suhu litter, total bakteri litter, amonia litter, konsumsi pakan, pertambahan berat badan, konversi pakan, patologi duodenum dan patologi paru-paru ayam broiler. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis variansi (ANOVA) dan bila terjadi perbedaan dilanjutkan dengan uji kontras polinomial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa level formalin 0, 4, 8 dan 12% dan frekuensi pemberian setiap 1, 2 dan 3 minggu sekali pada litter tidak memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata terhadap pH litter (8,3; 8,7; 8,8; 9,0; 9,0; 9,2; 9,0; 9,0; 9,8 dan 9,0), amonia litter (317,1; 475,2; 454,5; 425,3; 218,4; 300,1; 384,0; 375,3 dan 417,2 ppm), konsumsi pakan (4651,7; 4623,7; 4619,7; 4630,1; 4607,4; 4603,6; 4648,0; 4662,1; 4602,5 dan 4593,8 g/ekor/49 hari), pertambahan berat badan (2206,4; 2274,3; 2265,2; 2261,2; 2319,1; 2182,7; 2257,8; 2300,1; 2164,1 dan 2224,2 g/ekor/49 hari), konversi pakan (2,1; 2,04; 2,14; 2,05; 1,99; 2,11; 2,07; 2,03; 2,15 dan 2,07) berturut-turut untuk perlakuan (D0F0, D4F1, D4F2, D4F3, D8F1, D8F2, D8F3, D12F1, D12F2 dan D12F3) dan memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata (P<0,05) terhadap suhu litter (33,89; 32,31; 32,83; 32,58; 32,81; 32,81; 32,42; 32,28; 33,28 dan 32,72 0C) dan total bakteri litter (1,7X108; 1,1X108; 9,9X107; 1,2X108; 7,1X107; 8,5X107; 1,1X108; 4,8X107; 4,8X107; 4,9X107 dan 8,2X107 CFU). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penyemprotan formalin level 4, 8 dan 12% dan frekuensi setiap 1, 2 dan 3 minggu sekali pada litter dapat menurunkan total bakteri litter tanpa menurunkan amonia litter sehingga dan performans pertumbuhan ayam broiler.

The research was conducted to evaluate the effect of level and frequencies of spraying formalin on to litter material on the broiler litter on to litter characteristics and performance broiler chicken. One hundred and fifty broiler chickens divided into 10 litter treatment with three replication and five chickens each. The treatments were combination level of formalin sprayed (0, 4, 8, and 12%) and frequencies of spraying (every 1, 2, and 3 weeks) on to litter (D0F0, D4F1, D4F2, D4F3, D8F1, D8F2, D8F3, D12F1, D12F2 dan D12F3). The data collected were pH, temperature, total bacterial, and ammonia concentration in the litter, feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion pathology duodenum and pathology lung broiler chicken. The data evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and if there is a significant result continued with contras polynomial test. The results showed that level of formalin sprayed (0, 4, 8 and 12%) and frequencies of sprayed (every 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks) on to litter had not significant affected on litter pH (8.3; 8.7; 8.8; 9.0; 9.0; 9.2; 9.0; 9.0; 9.8 and 9.0), litter ammonia contents (317.1 ppm; 475.2 ppm; 454.5 ppm; 425.3 ppm; 218.4 ppm; 300.1 ppm; 384.0 ppm; 375.3 ppm and 417.2 ppm), feed consumption (4651.7 g/head/49 day; 4623.7 g/head/49 day; 4619.7 g/head/49 day; 4630.1 g/head/49 day; 4607.4 g/head/49 day; 4603.6 g/head/49 day; 4648.0 g/head/49 day; 4662.1 g/head/49 day; 4602.5 g/head/49 day and 4593.8 g/head/49 day), body weight gain (2206.4 g/head/49 day; 2274.3 g/head/49 day; 2265.2 g/head/49 day; 2261.2 g/head/49 day; 2319.1 g/head/49 day; 2182.7 g/head/49 day; 2257.8 g/head/49 day; 2300.1 g/head/49 day; 2164.1 g/head/49 day and 2224.2 g/head/49 day) and feed conversion (2.1; 2.04; 2.14; 2.05; 1.99; 2.11; 2.07; 2.03; 2.15 and 2.07) for (D0F0, D4F1, D4F2, D4F3, D8F1, D8F2, D8F3, D12F1, D12F2 dan D12F3) respectively. Litter temperature had significant difference (33.89 0C; 32.31 0C; 32.83 0C; 32.58 0C; 32.81 0C; 32.81 0C; 32.42 0C; 32.28 0C; 33.28 0C and 32.72 0C) and total litter of bacteria (1.7X108 CFU; 1.1X108 CFU; 9.9X107 CFU; 1.2X108 CFU; 7.1X107 CFU; 8.5X107 CFU; 1.1X108 CFU; 4.8X107 CFU; 4.8X107 CFU; 4.9X107 CFU and 8.2X107 CFU). I can be concluded that the formalin sprayed 4%, 8% and 12% formalin on to litter every 1 week, 2 weeks and 3 weeks, reduced litter total bacteria, but had to not decrease the ammonia litter and broiler chicken growth performance.

Kata Kunci : Ayam broiler, Formalin, Litter, Total bakteri, Amonia, Broiler chicken, Total bacteria.