Karakterisasi virus penyebab mosaik pada tanaman cabai

WIDODO, Catur Joko, Dr. Ir. Sri Sulandari, SU

2009 | Tesis | S2 Fitopatologi

Cabai (Capsicum spp) termasuk tanaman famili Solanaceae. Tanaman ini tersebar luas di berbagai tempat di Indonesia. Salah satu kendala dalam budidaya cabai adalah adanya gangguan patogen virus. Akibat serangan virus gejala yang ditimbulkan sangat bervariasi. Adanya variasi gejala di lapangan antara lain oleh infeksi virus yang sama maupun adanya infeksi campuran virus lain, sehingga perlu dilakukan identifikasi virus penyebabnya. Penelitian karakterisasi virus penyebab mosaik pada tanaman cabai bertujuan untuk mengetahui virus penyebab mosaik berdasarkan variasi gejala yang muncul dilapangan melalui pendekatan molekuler seperti analisis berat molekul selubung protein virus, isolasi ds -RNA, teknik PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) dan melalui uji I-ELISA. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Lab. Virologi, Lab. Bioteknologi Fakultas Pertanian UGM dan LPPT UGM Yogyakarta. Hasil penelitian dari gejala mosaik yang diduga disebabkan oleh Begomovirus, setelah di analisis melalui elektroforesis SDS-PAGE ditemukan protein dengan berat molekul sekitar 28 kDa dan puncak absorbansi 269.2 nm dengan nilai sekitar 0.739 pada pengenceran 10- 3. Pada analisis PCR dengan primer universal Krusty dan Homer diperoleh pita DNA sekitar 580 bp dan pada uji I-ELISA menggunakan antibodi TYLCV dan SSV diketahui bahwa adanya variasi gejala disebabkan oleh infeksi campuran virus selain Begomovirus. Pada gejala mosaik yang diduga disebabkan oleh CMV, setelah diinokulasi mekanik dan di analisis elektroforesis SDS-PAGE ditemukan protein dengan berat molekul sekitar 24 kDa dan puncak absorbansi 257 nm dengan nilai sekitar 2.00 pada pengenceran 10-4. Pada analisis double stranded RNA/ds-RNA ditemukan dua bentuk pita yaitu genomik RNA virus sekitar 3000 bp dan subgenomik RNA sekitar 1000 bp. Pada uji I-ELISA dengan antibodi SSV dan TYLCV diketahui bahwa gejala mosaik yang diperoleh hanya disebabkan oleh CMV dan tidak terdapat infeksi campuran virus lain.

Chili (Capsicum spp) belongs to the family of Solanaceae. The plant is widesprecd in Indonesia. One of the obstacles in chili cultivating is the threat by virus pathogen. The attack of the virus can cause varied symptoms. The variation of the symptoms might be caused by the same virus infection or mixed infection which coming from different viruses, so virus identification would be required to find the virus has caused the desease. Research on virus characteristic which caused mosaic on chili aimed to find out what the virus that caused the based on the symptoms emerged in the field through a molecular approach such as the analysis of the molecule wcight of coat protein virus, ds-RNA isolation, PCR technique, and by the I-ELISA test. The research conducted in the Laboratory of Virology, in the Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultura UGM and in the LPPT UGM Yogyakarta. The result of the mosaic symptoms was firstly estimated caused by Begomovirus, but after analyzed further through the SDS-PAGE electrophoresis detected the protein with molecule weight around 28 kDa and peak absorbancy in 269.2 nm with the value over 0.739 in the 10-3 fold. At the PCR analysis with Krusty and Homer universal primer showed a DNA band abaut 580 bp and at the I-ELISA test using TYLCV and SSV antibodies known that the symptom variations wane caused by mixed infection with other virus than Begomovirus. On the other hand, mosaic symptom which firstly estimated caused by CMV, after analyzed with SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, detected the protein with molecule weight abaut 24 kDa and peak absorbancy in 257 nm with the value over 2.00 in the 10-4 fold. By RNA/ds-RNA analysis from the inoculation result symptoms detected two RNA bands that is a genomic of the virus about 3000 bp and RNA subgenomic about 1000 bp, by I-ELISA test using SSV and TYLCV antibodies known that mosaic the symptoms occurred were caused only by CMV and no mixed infection by other virus.

Kata Kunci : cabai, gejala mosaik, infeksi campuran, deteksi serologi dan molekuler, chili, mosaic symptom, mixed infection, serology detection and molecular