Telaah kritis atas pendekatan pemberdayaan masyarakat berbasis hutan :: Studi kasus di Desa Model ITTO Kabupaten Ciamis Jawa Barat

WIDYANINGSIH, Tri Sulistyati, Prof. Dr. Ir. San Afri Awang, M.Sc

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai tahapan pemberdayaan masyarakat yang dilakukan di desa model ITTO, mendapatkan informasi mengenai keberdayaan masyarakat pasca berakhirnya proyek ITTO, dan menelaah secara kritis pemberdayaan masyarakat yang dilakukan proyek ITTO. Penelitian dilakukan di desa model ITTO, yaitu Desa Sindanglaya, Kecamatan Sukamantri, Desa Cisaga, Kecamatan Cisaga, dan Desa Cimerak, Kecamatan Cimerak, Kabupaten Ciamis, Jawa Barat. Unit analisis penelitian ini adalah anggota kelompok tani sasaran proyek, yaitu KT Harapan Mulya (Sindanglaya), KT Sejahtera (Cisaga), dan KT Cempaka Sari (Cimerak). Informan yang terlibat dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat di desa model dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling yaitu PKL, pengurus, dan anggota kelompok tani. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi serta dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga desa mengalami tahapan pemberdayaan yang cenderung seragam. Tahapan tersebut yaitu seleksi lokasi, sosialisasi, proses pemberdayaan masyarakat, dan pemandirian. Dalam proses pemberdayaan masyarakat dilakukan kajian pedesaan, pembentukan wadah kegiatan, pelatihan, penyusunan dan pelaksanaan rencana kegiatan, serta monitoring dan evaluasi. Pasca berakhirnya proyek ITTO, KT Harapan Mulya masih ada, tetapi sudah tidak melaksanakan kegiatan. KT Sejahtera melaksanakan kegiatan persemaian, penanaman, dan pemeliharaan hutan rakyat, bekerjasama dengan Pusat Standarisasi Lingkungan Departemen Kehutanan. KT Cempaka Sari melaksanakan kegiatan persemaian, penjualan bibit, penanaman, dan pemeliharaan hutan rakyat sebagai kegiatan rutin sebelum adanya proyek ITTO. Pelaksanaan pemberdayaan masyarakat di desa model ITTO masih jauh dari esensi pemberdayaan. Kelompok yang terpilih menjadi target sebagian sudah berdaya, kegiatan yang dilaksanakan seragam untuk semua kelompok, kegiatan bersifat top down karena ditentukan dalam kontrak kerja, partisipasi dalam berbagai kegiatan berupa partisipasi manipulasi. Pendekatan ini lebih tepat disebut pendekatan technical assistance yang mengutamakan hasil material dan bersifat delivery approach. Dalam pendekatan ini pihak masyarakat hanya menjadi pemanfaat bantuan dan pelayanan dari program yang sudah didesain oleh proyek.

This study aims to get information about the stages of community empowerment conducted by ITTO in the village model, to get information on community empowerment after the end of the ITTO project, and to examine empowerment critically ITTO project. This study was conducted in ITTO village models, namely Sindanglaya Village, Sukamantri Sub District, Cisaga Village, Cisaga Sub District, and Cimerak Village, Cimerak Sub District; Ciamis Regency, West Java Province. The unit of analysis of this study are members of farmer group in the village models, namely KT Harapan Mulya (Sindanglaya Village), KT Sejahtera (Cisaga Village), and KT Cempaka Sari (Cimerak Village). Informants selected by purposive sampling method to the people involved in community empowerment in the village model, such as forestry extension officer, management, and members of farmer groups. Data were collected through interview, observation, and documentation, then analyzed by qualitative approach. The results of the study showed that the three villages tend to have the same stages of empowerment. These stages consist of site selection, socialization, community empowerment process, and autonomy. Empowerment process consist of rural appraisal, group forming for the activities, training, preparation and implementation of activities planned, and monitoring and evaluation. After the end of ITTO projects, KT Harapan Mulya was not carrying out activities. KT Sejahtera activities are nurseries, planting, and maintenance of private forests, in cooperation with the Center for Environmental Standards, Forestry Department. KT Cempaka Sari activities are nurseries, sales of seeds, planting, and maintenance of privately owned forest as a routine activities before ITTO project. Implementation of community empowerment in ITTO villages model are still far from the essence of empowerment. One of selected group is a successfull group, the activities carried out uniformly for all groups, top-down activities are defined in the employment contract, and manipulation participation in various activities. This approach is more accurately described using the technical assistance approach and delivery approach. In this approach, the community just accept and doing activities that have been designed by the project.

Kata Kunci : pemberdayaan masyarakat, hutan rakyat, kelompok tani, rehabilitasi hutan dan lahan, community empowerment, privately owned forest, farmer group, forest and land rehabilitation