Perancangan klaster aquabisnis rumput laut Euheuma cottonii di Kabupaten Lombok Timur

RAHMAN, Fuad Andhika, Dr. Ir. Didik Purwadi, M.Ec

2009 | Tesis | S2 Teknologi Hasil Perkebunan

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli 2008 – Maret 2009 di Teluk Serewe Kabupaten Lombok Timur, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Tujuan penelitian adalah merancang klaster aquabisnis rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii secara terintegrasi pada satu kawasan, mulai dari industri budidaya hingga industri pengolahan karaginan. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dan dibagi menjadi 3 (tiga) tahapan yaitu identifikasi awal, gap analysis dan perancangan klaster aquabisnis rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii. Unit budidaya rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii berada pada level IV, yang diakibatkan tingginya ketidaksesuaian pada kategori kritis. Mayoritas ketidaksesuaian (88%) disebabkan penyimpangan pada Standard Operational Procedures (SOP). Uji karakteristik mutu rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii kering menunjukkan penyimpangan dibandingkan standar processor/eksportir domestik, yakni : umur panen 30 hari, Salt Free Dry Matter (28,0387%), Salt And Sand (40,2716%), Kadar Karaginan (14,6447%) dan Sand Determination (7,4265%). Peran pedagang perantara (pedagang pengumpul dan pedagang besar) sebagai agen eksportir Bali/Surabaya sangat dominan, terkait pola pemasaran, praktik ijon, apresiasi terhadap perbaikan mutu maupun spekulasi harga. Model klaster aquabisnis yang dirancang, dijalankan berdasarkan sistem kemitraan berbentuk Koperasi. Komponen penyusun klaster aquabisnis rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii yang diusulkan meliputi : Klaster Petani, Koperasi Primer (Pesisir/Pedesaan), Koperasi Sekunder (Kecamatan), BDS (Business Development Service), Bank/Lembaga Kredit Rakyat, Lembaga Adat, Pemda dan Industri Hilir Nasional.

This research were held on July 2008 - March 2009 in serewe’s Bay, East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province. The objectives was to design Eucheuma cottonii’s aquabusiness cluster integratedly at one area, started from aquaculture industry up to carrageenan manufacturer. Method used was descriptive and divided into 3 (three) phase, that is initial identifications, gap analysis and design of Eucheuma cottonii’s aquabusiness cluster Aquaculture unit on Serewe’s Bay had on fourth (4th) level, which caused by height inexpediency on critical category. Inexpediencies (88%), dominated by Standard Operational Procedures (SOP) deviations. Quality characteristics of dried Eucheuma cottonii shows deviation compared to domestic processor/exporter standards, namely : culture period (30 days), Salt Free Dry Matter (28,0387%), Salt And Sand (40,2716%), Carrageenan Contens (14,6447%) and Sand Determination (7,4265%). Role of intermediary trade (gatherer trade and whole saler) as Bali/Surabaya agents, is very dominant, concerned with marketing pattern, futures contract, appreciation of quality correction, either or price speculation. Aquabusiness cluster model that designed, operated by partnership system organized as Cooperation. Compiler component of Eucheuma cottonii’s aquabusiness cluster, include : Farmer Clusters, Primary Cooperation (coastal area/rural), Secondary Cooperation (Subdistrict), BDS (Business Development Service), Bank/Public Finance Corporate, Customs Institute, Local Government And National Downstream Industry.

Kata Kunci : Klaster aquabisnis, Eucheuma cottonii, Karaginan, Lombok Timur, Aquabusiness Cluster, Eucheuma cottonii, Carrageenan, East Lombok