Analisis karakteristik dan perumusan strategi peningkatan mutu tembakau rakyat di Kabupaten Lombok Timur Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat

FARUQ, Ahmad, Dr. Ir. Didik Purwadi, M.Ec

2009 | Tesis | S2 Teknologi Hasil Perkebunan

Tembakau rakyat di Kabupaten Lombok Timur Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat yang diusahakan oleh petani, sampai saat ini belum diketahui karakteristik mutu tembakau rajangan yang dihasilkan. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian tentang karakteristik dan perumusan strategi peningkatan mutu tembakau rakyat di Kabupaten Lombok Timur Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Penelitian dilakukan dalam 4 tahap yaitu survey, uji mutu berdasarkan sifat fisik, analisa kimia (Nikotin, gula, protein kasar, kadar air dan kadar abu), perumusan strategi dan kebijakan peningkatan mutu tembakau rakyat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mutu tembakau rakyat dari kabupaten Lombok Timur berdasarkan uji fisik adalah 50 % tergolong mutu IV dan 50 % tidak masuk standar SNI. 01-3934-1995. Sedangkan uji kandungan kimia, berdasarkan SNI. 01-0766-1989 (yang digunakan Bank Indonesia) adalah : kadar nikotin tembakau rakyat dari kabupaten Lombok Timur sebesar 1,95 – 2,21 %, yang sesuai standar hanya 25 % dan 75 % tidak masuk standar. Selain kadar nikotin, analisa lainnya sudah sesuai dengan standar SNI, yang meliputi kadar gula total sebesar 1,24 – 1,89 %, protein kasar sebesar 3,65 – 4,61 %, kadar air sebesar 12,13 – 13,24 % dan kadar abu sebesar 12,16 – 13,44 %. Strategi peningkatan mutu tembakau rakyat di kabupaten Lombok Timur adalah pembukaan lahan baru yang difokuskan pada pengembangan komoditi tembakau rakyat, melakukan perakitan varietas untuk mendapatkan varietas unggul dari jenis tembakau rakyat, perbaikan teknik budidaya, perbaikan teknik pengolahan, pemantapan perdagangan antar pulau, peningkatan kualitas sumberdaya manusia melalui penguatan kelembagaan di tingkat petani dan memberikan batasan-batasan wilayah antara sentra produksi tembakau rakyat dengan sentra produksi tembakau Virginia.

Local tobacco at East Lombok Residence, Nusa Tenggara Barat Province which is employed by the local farmer until today has not been known its tobaccos quality that is produced. Therefore it is importance to conduct a research about the characteristic and strategic formulation of quality improvement on local tobaccos quality at East Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat Province. This research was performed on four steps; consist of quality test that based on physic characteristic, chemical analysis (nicotine, sugar, raw protein, water level, and dust level), the strategic formulation and the quality improvement’s decision of local tobaccos. This research result was referring that the local tobaccos quality from East Lombok based on physic test are 50% were characterized fourth quality level and 50% was not included standard quality of SNI. 01-3934-1995. While chemical test, based on SNI. 01-0766-1989 (that used by Indonesian Bank) is nicotine level of local tobaccos from East Lombok Residence as much as 1,95 – 2,21%, that appropriate with the standard was only 25% and 75% was not included in the standard. Beside the nicotine level, others analysis has been suitable with the SNI standard, that is consist of the total sugar level as much as 1,24 – 1,89%, raw protein as much as 3,65 - 4,61, water level as much as 12,13 – 13,24% and dust level as much as 12,16 – 13,44%. The quality improvement strategy of local tobaccos at East Lombok residence is the clearing of new land that focused to local tobaccos commodity development, performing variety assembly for producing superior variety among local tobaccos type, the maintenance of cultivation technique, the maintenance of processing technique, the development of trade among the island, the improvement of human resource through institutional reinforcement at the farmer level and giving the limitation of area between production center of local tobaccos with the production center of Virginia tobaccos.

Kata Kunci : Karakteristik,Mutu tembakau rakyat,Perumusan strategi,Characteristic - Local Tobaccos Quality - Strategic Formulation