Pengendalian pencemaran sungai berbasis masyarakat :: Studi kasus Sungai Tegoan di Kota Wonosari Kabupaten Gunungkidul

WIYANI, Dwi, Ir. Darmanto, Dipl.HE.,M.Sc

2009 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Sipil

Pencemaran air yang terjadi di Sungai Tegoan di Kota Wonosari, Kabupaten Gunungkidul, dapat memberikan dampak gangguan kesehatan pada masyarakat sekitar sungai. Disamping itu dapat menimbulkan kematian biota air sungai terutama ikan, dan mengganggu estetika lingkungan dengan timbulnya bau yang tidak sedap, kotor serta tidak enak dipandang. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut perlu dianalisis secara tekni s dan non teknis pencemaran sungai tersebut, sehingga diperoleh upaya pengendalian pencemaran sungai berbasis masyarakat. Analisis secara teknis terhadap status mutu air sungai dilakukan, dengan menggunakan metode Indeks Pencemaran (PI) sesuai KepMenLH Nomor 115 Tahun 2003. Selanjutnya dilakukan penelitian aspek non teknis pada masyarakat hulu dan hilir Sungai Tegoan, menggunakan teknik observasi FGD ( Focus Group Discussion ), untuk mengumpulkan data tentang kendala dan permasalahan yang terjadi di sungai, pemahaman masyarakat tentang pencemaran sungai dan kemampuan masyarakat dalam mengendalikan pencemaran sungai. Hasil penelitian status mutu air Sungai Tegoan pada bagian hulu menunjukkan tingkat pencemaran antara sedang sampai kondisi baik pada peruntukan sungai kelas satu dan dua, sedangkan bagian hilir menunjukkan tingkat pencemaran antara ringan sampai ko ndisi baik. Kondisi di hilir lebih baik daripada di bagian hulu, maka pencemaran di hulu tidak mempengaruhi hilir. Hasil pelaksanaan FGD bahwa permasalahan di Sungai Tegoan adalah pembuangan limbah cair dan padat/sampah ke sungai, yang disebabkan oleh kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat dalam mengelola limbahnya. Maka upaya pengendalian pencemaran sungai tersebut dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan hasil FGD dan analisis teknis adalah upaya struktur dan non struktur, dengan pendekatan konsep pemberdayaan masyarakat.

Water pollution at Tegoan River in the Wonosari City, Gunungkidul District, can cause negative effects to th e health of population at surrounding river. The other side, it can cause the death of river biota, particularly fishes, and also cause environmentally esthetic problems due to bad odor, dirties and unpleasant. Based on such a condition, technical and non technical analysis should be conducted on the river pollution so that community-based pollution control is achieved. Technical analysis about river water quality status was conducted by using Pollution Index (PI) method based on the 2003 Ministerial Decree of Environment Number 115. In addition, non technical aspect research among people inhabiting the upstream and downstream of Tegoan River, utilized the FGD (Focus Group Discussion) as observation technique, to collect data about obstacles and problems on the river, community understanding about the river pollution and the capability of community in river pollution control. Results of research about water quality status in Tegoan River at the upstream indicated pollution level was moderate to good conditions, for both of the first and second class rivers, while at the downstream level indicated the pollution level of mild to good conditions. The condition at downstream was better than at the upstream; therefore, the pollution at upstream did not influence the condition of downstream. Results of FGD implementation stated that the problem at Tegoan River involve liquid and solid waste disposal into river due to the less awareness of community in waste management. Therefore, river pollution control was conducted by considering the FGD results and technical analysis involving structural and non structural efforts based on community empowerment concept approach

Kata Kunci : Status mutu air sungai,FGD,Pengendalian pencemaran sungai berbasis masyarakat,river water quality status, FGD, community-based pollution control