Mendayung demokrasi membangun kuasa :: Strategi politik kepemimpinan Bupati di Kabupaten Purbalingga dan Kabupaten Banjarnegara pada periode kedua

NURPROJO, Indaru Setyo, Abdul Gaffar Karim, MA

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Politik

Penelitian ini ingin melihat bagaimana kepemimpinan dan eksistensi bupati dari kandidat incumbent yang terpilih melalui pemilihan kepala daerah secara langsung dalam menjalankan pemerintahannya pada periode kedua. Secara khusus, ingin melihat bagaimana strategi politik yang dilakukan bupati dalam menjalankan kepemimpinannya dan relasinya dengan demokratisasi di aras lokal. Fokus analisis diarahkan kepada; pertama, strategi politik bupati dalam membangun basis dukungan dan mempertahankan legitimasi politiknya. Kedua, mengetahui pola strategi bupati dalam membangun relasi kekuasaan dengan kekuatan-kekuatan politik di tingkat lokal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan pemilihan informan menggunakan purposive sampling dan pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Dengan menggunakan metode perbandingan, penelitian ini membandingkan dua daerah yang secara sosial, politik, ekonomi, dan kultural tidaklah jauh berbeda dan dipimpin oleh seorang bupati dari kandidat incumbent, yaitu Kabupaten Purbalingga dan Banjarnegara Jawa Tengah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan strategi politik bupati dalam mengelola kekuasaannya akan dipengaruhi oleh tiga faktor. Pertama, prestasi, kebijakan dan gaya kepemimpinan sang bupati pada periode awal gilirannya mengarah kepada mengembangkan karir politik ke supra kabupaten. Kedua, membuat dan menguatkan jejaring politik untuk keamanan paska jabatan selesai.

This research analyzes on how leadership and existence of the bupati from the incumbent candidate that elected directly in running its government for the second periods. Specifically, this research analyzes on how bupati practices their political strategies in running their leadership and its relationship with democratization at local level. The focus analysis is directed to; first, the bupati's political strategies in developing his supporters basis and maintaining its political legitimacy. Second, the bupati's political strategy patterns in developing their power relations with the political powers at local level. This research uses qualitative method, purposive sampling in choosing the informants, and data gathered uses the observations, in-deep interviews, and documentations. By using comparative method, this research compared two similar regions in social, politics, economy, and culture, which are also led by an incumbent, that is located in Purbalingga and Banjarnegara regencies in Central Java. The result of this research shows the bupati's political strategies in coping their power would be influenced by two factors. First, performance, policies and the bupati's leadership style at their initial period would influence leadership fluency and bupati's political strategies in developing their supporters basis and maintaining its political legitimacy on their second periods. Second, it is related to winning numbers and political basis on direct Pilkada. The bupati that is supported by majority voters will have different political strategies with the bupati that have fewer supporters. Even though the dominant bupati have strong legitimacy in Pilkada, but were not came from the dominant political parties on the legislative institution, so it would creates certain strategies related to governance practices on its effectiveness and efficiencies. Third, decentralization on post Soeharto periods had caused the state power spreading to the bottom level and creates new constellations spaces. These new spaces becomes competitions arenas in winning the access and controls to the resources and state institutions, at central or locals, which enable the creations and perpetuates the networks' oligarchy power. At this context, the dynamics in interpreting the constellations spaces by the bupatis'. Finally, those three matters often creates political motives from the bupatis'. First, creating positive personal images and developing excellent performance for their regions in their second periods, which in turn directed to the expand of political carriers to supra regions. Second, creating and enhancing political networks for the security of the post-regency period.

Kata Kunci : Kepemimpinan politik bbupati,Desentralisasi,Demokrasi lokal, Bupatipoliticalleadership,decentralization,localdemocracy