Community participation in sub-distric administrative organization :: A case study of Stratalea sub-district administrative organization, Nakhon Sawan Province, Thailand

TAEPRAYOON, Primprang, Dr Agus Pramusinto, MDA

2009 | Tesis | S2 Magister Administrasi Publik

Legislasi pemerintah untuk “Sub-district assembly” dan undang- undang “Sub-district Organization of 1994”, bertujuan men-desentalisasi otoritas pemerintahan. Pemerintah memperbolehkan transisi ke “Sub-distrik” agar pemerintahan daerah sendiri, secara indipenden, membuat kebijakan administrasi, manajemen anggaran, keuangan dan masalah yang lain lewat (SAOs), yang merupakan agen yang mewakil administrasi lokal di tingkat Subdistrik dan selalu diperiksa oleh masyarakat agar mengetahui prestasinya. Belakangan ini, administrasi daerah mengalami kesulitan meskipun sudah ada kenaikkan efisiensi di SAOs. Peneliti bertujuan meneliti partsipasi masyarakat di SAOs dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat partisipasi dalam kegiatan SAOs; dengan studi kasus di Sub-district Sratalae, di wilayah Phyuhakliree, Propinsi Nakhon Sawan. Peneliti pernah bekerja di bagian administrasi di “Sub-distrik” tersebut sehingga menyadari kepentingan studi ini. Digunakan metode obervasi di lapangan, wawancara secara langsung, dan kuesioner yang diisi oleh beberapa pihak termasuk anggota assembly SAOs, para biksu, pejabat administrasi pemerintahan daerah, kepala dusun, Seheriff di wilayah Phayuhakiliree, wakil kepala sekolah, pengusahan-pengusaha, wakil pejabat wilayah dan masyarakat di Sratalae Sub-distrik. Hasil Penelitian adalah; masyarakat berpatisipasi dalam proses disentralisasi di Sratalae sesuai dengan kemampuan baik secara fisik maupun secara mental. Mereka kurang berpratisipasi jika tidak ada perubahan atau dampak positif yang diperoleh. Mereka berkerja sama dalam rapat-rapat bertujuan mendiskusi cara mengelolah keuangan yang dibagi oleh pemerintahan pusat untuk kebijakan dan kesejahtraan masyarakat. Penduduknya kebanyakan beragama budda jadi memungkinkan masyarakat mudah berpartisipasi dalam aktivitas agama di “ Sub-distrik ”setiap tahun. Partisipasi di bidang kesehatan tidak termasuk pembuatan kebijakan, tetapi lewat masukan mengenai kebijakan yang telah dibuat, dan perubahan yang diperoleh dari kebijakan dan cara pelayanan kesehatan melayani masyarakat. Faktorfaktor pimpinan yang kontribusi kepada partisipasi masyarakat adalah sejarah pribadi dan pengaruh para pimpinan, kejujuran, pimpinan demokratis dan seorang yang dipilih oleh masyarakat, bukan seorang yang memaksa masyarakat untuk memilihnya. Faktor politik dan kebudayaan adalah “Transparen” dan tanggung jawab. Faktor sosial dan psikologis melibatkan partisipasi secara langsung, status akademik dan ekonomi masyarakat, keadilan distribusi sumber pembangunan dan keamanan masyarakat. Saran peneliti adalah penambahan bantuan uang kepada SAOs, sebaiknya disesuaikan denga jumlah penduduk, kawasan, penghasilan dan kapsitas mengumpulkan penghasilan; Pengeluaran biaya oleh SAOs sebaiknya mencukupi semua aktivitas terutama pembangunan sumber daya manusia dan lingkugan selain pembangunan infrastruktur; Partisipasi masyarakat perlu dilanjutkan dengan pemilihan warga yang berperan penting dalam kegiatan-kegiatan SAOs termasuk pengawasan kegiatan SAOs supaya pelaksanaannya transparan, efektif, dan mendukung masyarakat daerah dalam kegiatan-kegiatan SAOs.

The governmental legislation of the Sub-district Assembly and Sub-district Administration Organization Act (1994) aims to decentralize the central government authority, by creating the local Sub-districts with independent administration, budgetary management, and treasury, through the Sub-district Administration Organizations (SAOs), which act as local administration agencies at Sub-district level, and the local people focus on their in order to test their efficiency. As time passed by, the SAOs have faced several obstacles against an otherwise increasing efficiency. The research aims to explore the community participation in SAOs and examine the factors that affect the degree of community participation, with a case study of Sratalae SAO, in Phayuhakliree District, Nakhon Sawan Province where the researcher has been an administrator, thus giving the study a perspective optimization. The methodology involved observation and interview, directly and through forms distributed to certain members of local Sub-district Administration Organization Assemblies (SAOAs), Monks, local district officials, the village headmen, the sheriff of Phayuhkliree District, Vice school principal, Shop owners, the assistant district officer and the local people. The findings were that people are actively involved in the process by participating according to their capability, both physically and by basic skills. They do not easily join in participation if there is nothing it directly fulfills in their lives. They co-operate in meetings meant for discussing how to manage money disbursed by the government for their welfare and the destitute in the community. The population is majority Buddhists and so they easily participate in the various religious activities held every year. Participation in health is not direct, but by commenting on the kind of policies made and its effect on their life. The leadership factors that affect participation include personal history and influence of the leaders, sincerity, democratic leadership, being one chosen by the people and not someone forced on them. Political and cultural factors include transparency and accountability. Social and psychological factors include Individual involvement, academic and economic status of the people, equality in distribution of resources and the security. The researcher’s recommendations are that the allocation of grants-in-aid to SAOs should account for population size, area, revenue, and capacity for collecting revenue; the SAOs expenditure should cover all major duties of development and focus on human and environmental development besides infrastructure projects; Community participation can be encouraged among local people by electing them to have crucial roles in SAOs like inspection of government organizations and the SAOs performance; To a greater extent, the locals should participate in the SAOs in monitoring and coordination with the local private organizations to motivate them on the SAO-functions and consciousness on their local development.

Kata Kunci : Komunitas,Partisipasi,Organisasi administrasi Sub,distrik, community, participation, Sub-district Administration Organization