Analisis proses formulasi perubahan perda tentang angkutan orang di jalan dengan kendaraan umum kaitan dengan kebijakan tentang pengadaan dan pengoperasionalan Bus Trans Yogyakarta di Provinsi DIY

SALAMALA, Luther, Dr. Gabriel Lele

2009 | Tesis | S2 Magister Administrasi Publik

Proses formulasi perubahan Perda No: 10 tahun 2001 berkaitan dengan kebijakan tentang pengadaan dan pengoperasionalan bus trans Yogyakarta karena belum ada pasal yang mengakomodir kebijakan tersebut. Tujuan penelitian: (1) Mengetahui proses perumusan perubahan perda tersebut kaitan dengan kebijakan tentang pengadaan dan pengoperasionalan bus trans Yogyakarta; (2) Mengetahui siapa aktor proses perumusan; (3) Mengetahui kepentingan siapa dalam proses perumusan; (4) Mengetahui faktor-faktor penentu. Metodolgi yang dipakai adalah pendekatan Kualitatif, Lokasi Penelitian Provinsi DIY, Pemilihan informan dari para pelaku. Sumber data dari wawancara, koran dan laporan penelitian dan observasi. Teknik analisis data dengan kualitatif diskriptif. Tidak semua model kebijakan dipakai tetapi yang relevan saja seperti Model kelompok karena perlu kompromi, dan keseimbangan antara kelompok kepentingan di Provinsi DIY. 3) Aktor–aktor Pembuat Keputusan: DPRD Provinsi DIY, Pemda Provinsi DIY, Dinas Perhubungan Provinsi DIY, PUSTRAL UGM, MSTT UGM dan Para Koperasi Angkutan serta Kelompok politik seperti Fraksi Partai Golkar, PDIP, PKS, PAN, dan PKB, petugas parkiran serta PKL 4). Faktor–faktor formulasi Kebijakan: a) Faktor Internal: Kapasitas (capacity)para aktor, Kepentingan Politik, Dana pendukung b) Faktor Eksternal: Informasi ,kompleksitas,tekanan kelompok kepentingan dan pemberitaan media. Tahapan proses formulasi perubahan Perda kaitan dengan kebijakan tersebut: (1) Mengidentifikasi Proses formulasi Perda, (2)merumuskan agenda permasalahan, dan (3) melakukan konsultasi (4) menetapkan keputusan namun terjadi dinamika perdebatan di DPRD Provinsi DIY menghasilkan: pengkajian ulang, studi banding, sosialisi, advokasi ke masyarakat dan DPRD DIY. Perdebatan di DPRD 2 (dua) fraksi setuju PAN dan PKB tetapi bersyarat. Yang kontra Fraksi Gabungan dan Fraksi PKS menyoroti Besaran BOK, Kinerja PT.JTT, Perda, penyempurnaan Perjanjian isi dari perubahan Perda pasal 30 perlu ditanggapi Pemerintah Provinsi DIY. Faktor-faktor penentu. Proses formulasi perubahan Perda No: 10 Tahun 2001 berkaitan dengan kebijakan tersebut meliputi faktor Internal dan eksternal. Faktor Internal: 1) Kapasitas (capacity) dari para aktor sebagian rendah sehingga tidak paham, 2) Kepentingan Politik dari partai politik untuk dapat simpati dan nama besar 3) Dana pendukung dari alokasi APBD DIY. Faktor Eksternal: 1) Informasi yang masih kurang dari para aktor sehingga perlu penelitian, studi banding, sosialisai, dan advokasi 2) Kompleksitas (complexity) karena persaingan kepentingan dalam dari para aktor tentang pendapatan 3) Tekanan kelompok kepentingan: PUSTRAL UGM, MSTT UGM pertaruhan konsep dan dana penelitian, Pemda Provinsi DIY pelayanan publik dan proyek tahunan, DPRD Provinsi DIY anggaran rutin sidang dan politik. Para pengusaha angkutan umum, Petugas Parkiran dan PKL takut kehilangan lapangan kerja dan kurang pendapatan, 4) Pemberitaan Media hanya 1,4 persen dan 1,17 persen. Proses formulasi perubahan Perda berkaitan dengan kebijakan tersebut berkesan lama karena beberpa faktor dan kepentingan dari para aktor kebijakan. Lalu perlu: 1) Pemda DIY dalam proses Perda dan melaksanakan kebijakan perlu memperhatikan kepentingan, kebutuhan, penghasilan dan kebersamaan dari rakyat; 2) Perlu Perda untuk petugas parkir dan PKL sehingga parkiran dan penjualan tidak mengganggu lalu lintas; 3) Kebijakan yang dibuat memperhatikan dan mengutamakan keseimbangan kelompok agar sehat, aman, harmonis dan mandiri kalau tidak akan terjadi situasi yang tidak kondusif; 4) Pegawai dan DPRD Provinsi DIY jadi contoh 5) Para aktor dalam proses perda hendaknya penuh perhatian, memahami masalah, fokus dan utamakan kepentingan umum.

The formulation process of the change in the local regulation (Perda) Number 10 of 2001 on the implementation of the on-the-road human transport using public transportation in the Special District of Yogyakarta and its correlation with the policy on the procurement and the operation of Trans Yogyakarta Bus because it has not been explicitly regulated in the local regulation. The objectives of the study are: 1) to investigate the formulation process of the change in the local regulation on the implementation of the on-the-road human transport using public transportation and its correlation with the procurement and the operation of the Trans Yogyakarta Bus in the Special District of Yogyakarta; 2) to find out who are the actors in the formulation process; 3) to find out who have interests in the formulation process; and 4) to find out the determinant factors. The study employs a qualitative method. Its location is the Special District of Yogyakarta, and the informants are the actors. The data sources are interview, newspapers and study report and observation. Its data analysis technique is qualitative and descriptive. There are many policy formulation models, such as institutional model, process model, group model, elite model, rational model, incremental model, game theory model, public choice model, system model, integrated security model, democratic model, and strategic model. However, only those that are appropriate to solve the problems are used, such as group model that is relevant because it needs compromises and the balance among the group interests in the Special District of Yogyakarta; 3) The actors in decision-making are: local assembly of the Special District of Yogyakarta, the local government of the province of the Special District of Yogyakarta, the communication agency of the Special District of Yogyakarta, and nongovernment organizations such as PUSTRAL UGM, MSTT UGM and transportation cooperations and political groups such as the fraction of the parties Golkar, PDIP, PKS, PAN, and PKB, individuals such as parking guards and sidewalk merchants; 4) The determinant factors in the policy formulation are: a) Internal factors: actors’ capacity, political interests, and supporting fund; b) External factors: information, complexity, interest groups pressure and mass media news release. Analysis steps in the formulation process problem 1) identification of local regulation formulation process, 2) agenda setting, consulting, and 4) decision making to bring into the debate in DPRD DIY consist of some problem: the first is negotiation and debate. Several suggestion to the Goverment 1) Research, 2) socializing, 3) avocation to people and DPRD DIY Deadlock in the debating. Fractions agreed but other was not agreed like PAN and PKB about Local rule change chapter 30. The formulation process of the local rule change about people transportation on the way by public transportation. Factor consist internal factors and external factors: internal factors: capacity of the actors was low, politic will from some DPRD DIY, money supporting from DIY Province APBD. External factors information, some actors lack of the information, complexity of some problems in DIY Province about , pressure group, Social group or pressure group like PUSTRAL UGM, MSTT, PKL, park attendant and transportation business group. And mass media lack to expose the issue of local rule change. In conclusion and recommendation in the formulation process of local rule change about people transportation on the way by public transportation relation with policy about providing and operational of the Bus Trans Yogyakarta during three years Chapter VI because some factors . Recommendation 1) DIY Province in the formulation process of local rule change about people transportation on the way by public transportation relation with policy about providing and operational of the Bus Trans Yogyakarta must give full attention for people 2) make a rule about Pet gas park Iran and PKL 3) Policy must good, equal, save, harmony and independent 4) DPRD and DIY Province must become example actors in process 5) actors in formulation process of local rule change about people transportation on the way by public transportation must understand, focus and full attention to social group

Kata Kunci : Proses Formulasi Perubahan, Kendaraan Umum, Kebijakan tentang Pengadaan dan Pengoperasionalan Bus Trans Yogyakarta, Change Formulation Process, Public Transportation, The Policy on the Procurement and Operation of Trans Yogyakarta Bus