Evaluasi kebijakan obat murah 2007

SARI, Ida Diana, Dr. Sri Suryawati

2009 | Tesis | S2 Magister Manajemen dan Kebijakan Obat

Latar belakang: Departemen Kesehatan secara tiba-tiba meluncurkan Kebijakan Obat Murah 2007. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan evaluasi terhadap latar belakang dirumuskannya Kebijakan Obat Murah 2007 dan proses perumusan Kebijakan Obat Murah 2007 apakah sudah memenuhi komponen-komponen untuk menjadi suatu kebijakan yang baik. Tujuan: Mengetahui latar belakang dirumuskannya Kebijakan Obat Murah 2007 dan mengetahui proses perumusan Kebijakan Obat Murah 2007 dalam memenuhi komponen-komponen untuk menjadi suatu kebijakan. Metode: Merupakan penelitian analitik. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara cross sectional dengan metode wawancara mendalam dilakukan terhadap pembuat Kebijakan Obat Murah 2007 dan pihak stakeholder yang terkait dan observasi dokumen. Metode analisis kebijakan untuk proses identifikasi masalah dilakukan dengan melihat Generality, Prospective legal action, Promulgation, Intelligibility dan Avoidance of contradiction. Analisis untuk pemilihan alternatif kebijakan dilakukan dengan melihat Constancy of law through time. Analisis untuk implementasi dilakukan dengan melihat Congruence between official action and declared rules. Analisis untuk evaluasi dilakukan dengan melihat Avoidance of Imposible demand. Hasil penelitian: Dalam proses identifikasi masalah, perumusan Kebijakan Obat Murah 2007 dilatar belakangi untuk meningkatkan akses masyarakat terhadap obat, dengan pertimbangan dasar agar masyarakat dapat memperoleh Obat Murah 2007 dengan mudah sehingga bisa mengobati sendiri. Tidak ada payung hukum ataupun suatu Peraturan/SK yang menjadi dasar dirumuskannya Kebijakan Obat Murah 2007, hanya merupakan ide Departemen Kesehatan yang ditindaklanjuti oleh produsen farmasi, diharapkan dapat menunjang Program Desa Siaga yang di dalamnya terdapat Pos Kesehatan Desa. Kebijakan Obat Murah 2007 terkait dengan Renstra dan Grand Strategi Departemen Kesehatan dan merupakan implementasi dari Kebjakan Obat Nasional. Dalam proses alternatif pemilihan kebijakan, Obat Murah 2007 diproduksi oleh PT. Indofarma. Tidak ada komitmen antara Departemen Kesehatan dan PT. Indofarma dalam peluncuran Kebijakan Obat Murah 2007. Dalam proses implementasi, telah dilakukan sosialisasi antara Departemen Kesehatan dengan PT. Indofarma. Kesimpulan: Kebijakan Obat Murah 2007 dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan akses masyarakat terhadap obat dan diharapkan dapat menunjang Program Desa Siaga. Sayangnya proses perumusan Kebijakan Obat Murah 2007 tidak memenuhi syarat kebijakan yang ideal dan tidak layak untuk diteruskan kalau obat yang termasuk dalam item Obat Murah 2007 (Obat Indo seribu) ternyata mempunyai harga yang lebih mahal dibandingkan dengan harga obat sejenis yang mempunyai khasiat yang sama. Untuk memperbaikinya, disarankan agar komponen-komponen berikut dipenuhi, yaitu: sebaiknya obat yang dimasukkan dalam item Obat Murah 2007 adalah obat kolesterol, asam urat, hipertensi, jantung maupun obat-obat untuk gangguan psikiatri. Selain itu hal-hal berikut pula diperhatikan, antara lain: jaminan mutu obat serta meningkatkan kerjasama Departemen Kesehatan dan PT. Indofarma dengan sosialisasi menyeluruh.

Background: The Ministry of Health suddenly specifies Cheap Medicine Policy 2007. Therefore, evaluation toward the background of formulating the policy of Cheap Medicine 2007 and process of Cheap Medicine Policy formulation 2007 to determine whether it has fulfilled the components of a good policy is necessary. Objective: This study aimed to find out the background of Cheap Medicine Policy 2007 and find out the process of this policy formulation 2007 in fulfilling the main components of a good policy. Method: This was a descriptive study. Data were collected by using cross sectional method with in-depth interview that were conducted toward the determinant of Cheap Medicine Policy 2007 and related stakeholders as well as document observations. The method of policy analysis for problem identification process was conducted by examining Generality, Prospective Legal Action, Promulgation, Intelligibility and Avoidance of Contradiction. The analysis for alternative selection was conducted by examining the Constancy of Law Through Time. Analysis for implementation was conducted by examining the Congruence between Official Action and Declared Rules. Indeed, analysis for evaluation was conducted to find out the Avoidance of Impossible Demand. Result: In the problem identification, the formulation of Cheap Medicine Policy 2007 based on improving community’s access toward drugs with basic consideration that communities could easily obtained the Cheap Medicine 2007 easily so that general public could have more acces to self medication. There was no law protection or regulation that becomes the basic of Cheap Medicine Policy 2007. The policy of Cheap Medicine 2007 was an idea from Ministry of Health that was backed up by pharmaceutical producer, and it was expected to support the Allert Village Program (Program Desa Siaga) which had Village Health Post (Pos Kesehatan Desa). Cheap Medicine Policy 2007 was related strategic planning and Grand Strategy of Ministry of Health and considered as implementation from the National Drug Policy. PT. Indofarma was selected as the manufacturer of the Cheap Medicines for the Cheap Medicine Policy 2007. There was no commitment between Ministry of Health and PT Indofarma in the launching of Cheap Medicine Policy 2007. In the implementation process, socialization between Ministry of Health with PT. Indofarma was ever being held. Conclusion: The policy of Cheap Medicine 2007 was meant to improve community access toward medicines and expected to support Desa Siaga Program. Unfortunately, the formulation process of the policy was not fulfilled the ideal policy requirements and improper to be continued if medicine which included in cheap medicine 2007 item (Obat Indo Serbu) which actually has costlier price compared to conspecific medicine tariff having the same special quality. To improve it is suggested that components following fulfilled, that is: be better if medicine packed into by Cheap Medicine 2007 item is cholesterol drug, uric acid, hypertension, heart and also medicine for psychiatry trouble. Besides things following earning also is paid attention are: medicine best quality and increases cooperation of Ministry of Health and PT Indofarma with socialization totally.

Kata Kunci : Kebijakan obat murah 2007,Wawancara mendalam,Proses identifikasi masalah,Alternatif pemilihan kebijakan,Implementasi kebijakan dan evaluasi kebijakan,The policy of Cheap Medicine Policy 2007, in-depth interview, problem identification process, policy sele