Uji resistensi sipermetrin pada aedes aegypti dari daerah endemis dan non endemis demam berdarah dengue

SURYATI, Tatik, Dr. drh. Sitti Rahmah Umniyati, SU

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Dasar dan Biomedis

Latar Belakang. Kejadian luar biasa Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Indonesia terjadi pada tahun 2004 termasuk di Yogyakarta. Untuk pengendalian vektor DBD telah dilakukan di Yogyakarta tetapi belum dapat mengatasi permasalahan penyakit DBD. Telah dilaporkan bahwa ada 116 kasus dan kematian dengan angka insidensi sebesar 153,34 per 1000 populasi pada bulan Februari 2008. Tujuan penelitian. Untuk menetapkan status resistensi nyamuk Ae. aegypti dari daerah endemis dan non endemis DBD terhadap insektisida sipermetrin. Metode. Subyek penelitian ini adalah nyamuk Ae. aegypti betina kenyang gula umur 3 – 5 hari. Status resistensi ditetapkan secara hayati berdasarkan dosis diagnostik menurut CDC. Uji hayati juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui KDT50,90,99 sipermetrin terhadap nyamuk Ae. aegypti dari daerah endemis dan non endemis DBD serta nyamuk dari laboratorium Parasitologi Universitas Gadjah Mada. Estimated Resistance Ratio dihitung dengan cara membagi LD50,90,99 sipermetrin terhadap Ae. aegypti dari daerah endemik atau non endemik DBD dan LD50,90,99 insektisida tersebut terhadap Ae. aegypti dari laboratorium Parasitologi UGM. Hasil. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa status resistensi Ae. aegypti dari daerah endemis dan non endemis DBD berturut-turut toleran dan resisten terhadap sipermetrin. KDT50,90,99 sipermetrin terhadap Ae. aegypti dari daerah endemis DBD berturut-turut selama 32,63 menit, 124,90 menit dan 373,15 menit, sedangkan KDT50,90,99 sipermetrin terhadap Ae. aegypti dari daerah non endemis berturut-turut selama 65,63 menit, 278,37 menit, dan 959,19 menit. LD50,90,99 sipermetrin terhadap Ae. aegypti dari daerah endemis DBD berturut-turut sebesar 0,94, 6,07, dan 10,28 μg/botol, sedangkan LD50,90,99 sipermetrin terhadap Ae. aegypti dari daerah non endemis DBD berturut-turut sebesar 2,61, 10,59, dan 33,14 μg/botol. ERR50,90,99 sipermetrin terhadap Ae. aegypti dari daerah endemis DBD berturut-turut sebesar 1,49, 4,39, dan 3,95, sedangkan ERR50,90,99 sipermetrin terhadap Ae. aegypti dari daerah non endemis DBD berturutturut sebesar 1,14, 7,61, dan 12,75. Simpulan. Status resistensi Ae.aAegypti dari daerah endemis dan non endemis DBD berturut-turut adalah toleran dan resisten terhadap sipermetrin.

Background.Dengue Hemorragic Fever (DHF) became an extraordinary case in Indonesia in 2004, including Yogyakarta. Prevention effort had been done using cypermethrin for DHF vector control programme in Yogyakarta, unfortunately it does not solve the problem of DHF. It was reported that, there were 116 cases and 2 death with DHF incidence rate of 153.34 per 1.000 population and case fatality rate of 0.39% in February 2008. Objective.This study was aimed at determining the resistance status of Aedes aygypti from endemic and non endemic area of DHF against cypermethrin. Methods.Subject of this study is sucrose-engorged female Aedes aygypti mosquitoes, at the age of 3-5 days. The resistence status was determined based on diagnostic dose test according to CDC standard bioassay. Adult bioassay were also conducted to determine knock down time (KDT50,90,00) Cypermethrin against Aedes aygypti from the endemic and non endemic area of DHF and from the laboratory of Prasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University. Estimated resistance ratio was calculated by dividing LD50,90,99 the insecticidies against Aedes aygypti from endemic or non endemic area of DHF and LD50,90,99 the insecticides against Aedes aygypti from the Laboratory of Prasitology Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University. Result.The result showed that the reistance status of Aedes aygypti from endemic and non endemic area of DHF were tolerant and resistance to Cypermethrin respectively. The KDT50,90, and 99 Cypermethrin against Aedes aygypti from endemic area of DHF were 32.63 menit, 124.90 minutes, and 373.15 minutes respectively, whereas the KDT50,90 and 99 Cypermethrin against Aedes aegypti from non endemic area were 65.63 minutes, 278.37 minutes, and 959.19 minutes respectively. The LD 50,90,99 cypermethrin against Ae.aegypti from endemic area of DHF were 0.94, 6.07 and 10.28 μg/bottle respectively, whereas the LD 50,90,99 Cypermethrin against Aedes aegypti from non endemic area were 2.61, 10.59, and 33.14 μg/bottle respectively. ERR 50,90,99 cypermethrin against Ae. aegypti from endemic area of DHF were 1.49, 4.39, 3.95 respectively, whereas ERR 50,90,99 Cypermethrin against Aedes aegypti from non endemic area were 4.14, 7.61, 12.75 respectively. Conclusion. The resistance status of Ae.aegypti from endemic area and non endemic area of DHF area tolerant and resistance to cypermethrin respectively.

Kata Kunci : Endemis,Non endemis,Sipermetrin,Aeaegypti,Resisten, endemic, non endemic, cypermethrin, Aedes aegypti, resistant