Motivasi kader posyandu di Puskesmas Rasanae Timur Kota Bima

SYARIFUDDIN, dr. Kristiani, SU

2009 | Tesis | S2 Magister Perilaku Promosi Kesehatan

Latar Belakang: Di Kota Bima tahun 2008 hanya ada 420 kader aktif dari 135 posyandu. Berarti setiap Posyandu hanya ada 2-3 orang kader yang bertugas dan belum ada posyandu Mandiri. Kasus gizi buruk 4.63% dari Balita dan lebih tinggi dari rata-rata propinsi hanya 3.74%. Di Puskesmas Rasanae Timur kader aktif hanya 47 orang (67%) dari 66 kader yang terdata. Pelaksanaan posyandu masih banyak yang kurang dari 12 kali pertahun, bahkan ada yang hanya 4 kali. Kasus gizi buruk lebih tinggi dari porsentase Kota Bima bahkan NTB. Tingkat drop out kader masih tinggi. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran motivasi kader posyandu di Puskesmas Rasanae Timur Kota Bima. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, dengan rancangan studi kasus. Lokasi penelitian di Posyandu wilayah kerja Puskesmas Rasanae Timur Kota Bima. Sebagai informan utama yaitu kader Posyandu dengan karakteristiknya masing-masing, yaitu kader terpencil dan tidak terpencil, kader dengan aktivitas tertinggi dan terendah serta tingkat senioritas menjadi kader. Informan penunjang kepala Puskesmas, petugas gizi, koordinator promosi kesehatan, Lurah, ketua PKK desa dan ibu Balita. Pengumpulan data dengan indepth interview 16 orang, 1 kelompok FGD dan semua dilakukan observasi tentang proses, faktor pendukung maupun penghambat kegiatan Posyandu. Hasil: Motivasi karena kebutuhan fisiologis kader antara lain mendapatkan insentif, obat, jaminan pemeliharaan kesehatan dan kemudahan pelayanan. Motivasi karena kebutuhan sosial kader antara lain membantu masyarakat, menjalin hubungan sosial, balas jasa, mempertahankan status pekerjaan, menfasilitasi masyarakat dengan petugas, ingin dapat pahala dan membantu kelurahan. Sedangkan motivasi untuk pengembangan diri kader antara lain menambah pengetahuan dan ketrampilan, ingin menjadi pegawai negeri, menerapkan ilmu serta belajar melayani dan merawat anak. Kesimpulan: Kader yang dekat dengan Puskesmas lebih termotivasi karena kebutuhan fisiologis sedangkan kader terpencil yang jauh lebih termotivasi karena kebutuhan interaksi sosial kemasyarakatan. Semua kader yang ada perlu dilakukan pembinaan lebih fokus secara menyeluruh.

Background: In Bima Municipality, there were only 420 active cadres from 135 Integrated Service Post (Posyandu) in 2008. It means that each Posyandu only had 2-3 cadres in charge. There was also no independent Posyandu. The cases of malnutrition among under-five children were relatively high reaching 4.63% compared with the cases in provincial level that reached only 3.74%. In Rasanae Timur PHC, the active cadres are only 47 persons (67%) out of 66 cadres. The execution of Posyandu activity is mostly less than 12 times per year, or even only 4 times per year. This means that the rate of cadre dropouts is still high. Objective: To obtain description on Posyandu cadres’ motivation at Rasanae Timur PHC in Bima Municipality. Method: A qualitative-descriptive study with a case study design. The study site was in Posyandu at Rasanae Timur PHC in Bima Municipality. The main informants were Posyandu cadres who were grouped based on their characteristics, namely cadres in remote areas and non remote areas, cadres with highest and lowest activities, and cadres with seniority level. The supporting informants were head of PHC, nutritionist, health promotion coordinator, head of villages, head of PKK and women with under-five children. Data were collected through indepth interview toward 16 persons and one group of FGD as well as observation about process, supplementary and also inhibiting factors execution of Posyandu activity. Results: The motivation based on cadres’ physiological needs was to get incentive, drugs, health assurance, and easy access to health facility. The motivation based on cadres’ social needs was to help society, to build social relationship, to repay good deeds done by others, to maintain occupational status, to facilitate the society with the health officers, to get reward for moral conduct, and to assist the village administrative office or kelurahan. In addition, the motivation based on cadres’ self development was to add knowledge and skills, to be a civil servant, to apply knowledge, and to serve as well as treat children. Conclusion: Cadres living near PHC were more motivated because of their physiological needs while cadres living in remote areas were more motivated because of their social interaction needs. All cadres should get more focused education comprehensively.

Kata Kunci : motivasi,partisipasi,kader posyandu,Motivation, participation, Posyandu cadres