Perilaku pencegahan dalam hubungannya dengan kejadian malaria di Kabupaten Lombok Tengah

WIJAYA, Ida Bagus Putra, dr. Fatwa Sari Tetra Dewi, MPH

2009 | Tesis | S2 Magister Perilaku Promosi Kesehatan

Latar belakang : Morbiditas malaria di Kabupaten Lombok Tengah berfluktuasi dan cenderung meningkat. Selama periode 2005-2008 malaria klinis (annual malaria incidence/AMI) di daerah tersebut secara berturut-turut adalah 3.940 kasus (5,78‰), 3.833 kasus (4,80‰), 4.451 kasus (5,4 ‰) dan 5.955 kasus (7,39‰). Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Lombok Tengah melakukan pemberantasan penyakit malaria melalui pembersihan lumut, pengobatan penderita, penyemprotan rumah dan kelambunisasi. Namun daerah tersebut masih menjadi daerah endemis. Kejadian malaria dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan, parasit, nyamuk dan perilaku manusia. Perilaku pencegahan dapat mempengaruhi kejadian malaria. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku pencegahan dalam hubungannya dengan kejadian malaria di Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Metode penelitian : Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan rancangan case control. Kasus dan kontrol pada penelitian masing-masing berjumlah 75 orang. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner tertutup dan data pemeriksaan laboratorium. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik chi square dan regresi logistik dengan confident interval (CI) 95%. Hasil : Hasil analisis regresi logistik menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara membunuh/menghindari gigitan nyamuk dan umur 15-40 tahun dengan kejadian malaria. Responden yang tidak membunuh/ menghindari gigitan nyamuk mempunyai peluang menderita malaria 3,237 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan membunuh/menghindari gigitan nyamuk (OR=3,27: 95%CI: 1,647-6,326). Orang yang berusia 15-40 tahun mempunyai risiko menderita malaria 2,250 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan 41-66 tahun. (OR=2,250: 95%CI: 1,077-4,699). Kesimpulan : Perilaku pencegahan dengan membunuh/menghindari gigitan nyamuk dapat mengurangi risiko menderita malaria. Selain perilaku, karakteristik demografi, yaitu umur berhubungan dengan kejadian malaria. Faktor yang paling dominan menyebabkan terjadinya malaria adalah membunuh/menghindari gigitan nyamuk.

Background: Malaria morbidity in Central Lombok district was fluctuated and tend to be increased. During the period of 2005-2008, the annual malaria incidence/AMI in the area was respectively 3,940 cases (5.78‰), 3,833 cases (4.80‰), 4,451 cases (5.4‰) and 5.955 cases (7,39‰). The District Health Office of Central Lombok had malaria disease control with cleaning the moss, patient’s cure, indoor residual spraying and insecticide treated nets. But, it was an endemic area. Malaria incident was influenced by environment, parasites, mosquito, and human behavior. Prevention behavior could be influenced by malaria incident. Objective: This research was aimed to find out prevention behavior in the correlation with malaria incident in Central Lombok district. Method: This was a quantitative research that used case control design. Case and control in each respective research was 75 people. The research instrument was using closed questionnaire and laboratory data check up. The data was analyzed by using chi square statistic test and logistic regression with confident interval (CI) 95%. Result: The result of logistic regression showed that there was a significant correlation between killing/avoiding mosquito bites and age of 15-40 years old with malaria incident. Respondents who did not killed/avoided the mosquito bites had opportunity to suffer from malaria 3.237 times higher than those who killed/avoided the mosquito bites (OR = 3.27: 95% CI: 1.647 – 6.326). People in the age of 15 - 40 years old had the risk of suffering from malaria 2.250 times higher than those in 41 - 66 years old (OR =2.250: 95% CI: 1.077 – 4.699). Conclusion: Prevention behavior by killing/avoiding mosquito bites could decrease the risk of suffering from malaria. Besides behavior, demographic characteristic with the age that have significant correlation with malaria incidence. The most dominant factor that could influenced respondents to suffer from malaria was killing/avoiding mosquito bites.

Kata Kunci : perilaku pencegahan,malaria,prevention behavior