Persepsi ibu terhadap obesitas pada anak sekolah dasar di Kota Pekanbaru Provinsi Riau

LEONITA, Emy, Dr. M.G. Adiyanti, MS

2009 | Tesis | S2 Magister Perilaku Promosi Kesehatan

Latar Belakang : Obesitas merupakan dilema kesehatan yang berisiko penyakit. Beberapa faktor penyebab obesitas pada anak selain genetik, adalah pola makan berlebihan dan pola aktivitas yang kurang. Hal tersebut diduga adanya kesalahan persepsi orangtua terutama ibu terhadap obesitas sehingga berdampak pada pengaturan pola makan dan pola aktivitas anak. Tujuan : Menggali persepsi ibu terhadap anak obesitas, termasuk bagaimana cara orang tua mengatur pola makan dan pola aktivitas anak pada siswa obesitas sekolah dasar di Kota Pekanbaru. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Informan terdiri dari 23 orang, antara lain adalah 8 orang ibu, 8 orang anak, 2 orang guru UKS, 4 orang wali kelas dan 1 orang petugas Dinas Kesehatan Kota Pekanbaru. Cara pengumpulan data dengan wawancara mendalam kepada ibu, wali kelas, guru UKS dan petugas dinas kesehatan. Observasi lingkungan sekolah dan rumah, food record dan activity record dilakukan terhadap anak. Untuk keabsahan data dilakukan triangulasi metode dan sumber. Hasil : Beberapa kesalahan persepsi pada ibu yang mengakibatkan kesalahan dalam mengatur pola makan dan aktivitas pada anak obesitas antara lain adalah ibu beranggapan wajar saja balita gemuk, bila dewasa/remaja akan kurus dengan sendirinya. Ibu beranggapan makanan lokal seperti bakso, sate, siomay dan aneka mie bukan termasuk fast food. Ibu selalu mendorong anak untuk tambah porsi makan dan cenderung menuruti pola makan berlebihan karena faktor ketidaktegaan. Ibu tidak memaksakan anak untuk beraktivitas dan olahraga karena menganggap anak sudah lelah dengan jadwal yang padat di sekolah. Berenang menurut ibu bukan pilihan olahraga yang tepat pada anak obesitas, karena setelah berenang memicu rasa lapar pada anak Kesimpulan : Diperlukan suatu strategi pendekatan promosi terhadap orangtua dan anak dalam penanggulangan obesitas

Background: Obesity is a health problem that brings risk to diseases. Some factors that cause obesity in children include genetics, excessive eating and low physical activities. It is presumed there is wrong perception of mothers about obesity that affects in the arrangement of eating and physical activity pattern in children. Objective: To elaborate the perception of mothers about obese children, including method used by parents to arrange eating and physical activity pattern of obese students at elementary schools in Pekanbaru Municipality. Method: The study used qualitative method. There were 23 informen consisting of 8 mothers, 8 children, 2 teachers of school health, 4 homeroom teachers and one staff of Pekanbaru municipal health office. Data were obtained through indepth interview with mothers, homeroom teachers, teachers of school health and staff of the health office. Observation was made to school and house environment, food record and activity record of children. Method and source triangulation was made to maintain data validity. Result: Some mistakes in the perception of mothers result in mistakes in managing eating pattern and physical activity of obese children such as mothers found it OK if underfives were fat because when they became teenagers/adults their body would be back to normal. Mothers thought that local foods such as meatball, satay, siomay and any kind of noodle did not belong to fast foods. Mothers tended to encourage children to have more portion and excessive consumption because they did not have the heart to stop the children from eating. Mothers did not recommend children to do physical activities since they considered that children were already tired with tight school activities. Swimming, according to mothers, was not a good choice for obese children because it would ignite hunger in children. Conclusion: It was necessary to have a strategic approach of promotion for parents and children in order to prevent obesity.

Kata Kunci : obesitas,persepsi ibu,pola makan anak,pola aktivitas anak,obesity,perception,eating pattern,physical activity