Persepsi wanita pekerja seks (WPS) terhadap uji dan konseling HIV di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

BASRI, Hasan, Dr.M.G. Adiyanti, M.S

2009 | Tesis | S2 Magister Perilaku Promosi Kesehatan

Latar belakang: Penularan tertinggi HIV/AIDS di Yogyakarta terjadi melalui heteroseksual. Wanita pekerja seks (WPS) rentan terhadap penularan HIV. Jumlah kunjungan WPS ke klinik voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) di Yogyakarta masih rendah. Hal ini antara lain disebabkan karena beragamnya persepsi yang tidak mendukung kemauan WPS untuk datang ke klinik tersebut. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi WPS di Yogyakarta terhadap klinik VCT. Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Informan penelitian sebanyak 13 orang, terdiri dari WPS, konselor, dan anggota KPA di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara mendalam dengan informan utama WPS yang dilakukan secara snow ball. Untuk mendapatkan keabsahan data, dilakukan dengan triangulasi, dan member check. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode perbandingan tetap (constant comparative method). Hasil penelitian: WPS memahami bahaya HIV/AIDS, hal ini membuatnya berupaya mencegah penularan dan mendeteksi dini status HIV-nya dengan mendatangi klinik VCT. Namun, ada WPS yang tidak mau mengaksesnya, karena takut dengan konsekuensi yang harus diterima ketika dinyatakan positif terinfeksi HIV. WPS merasa takut jika dilarang bekerja dan dijauhi pelanggan, serta takut akan stigma dan diskriminasi dari masyarakat. Tata cara pelayanan VCT yang dijalankan dengan baik oleh petugas, serta didukung sikap dan tingkah laku yang ramah dalam memberikan pelayanan, sangat membantu WPS dalam meningkatkan pemahaman tentang HIV/AIDS, dan mendapatkan informasi tentang perilaku berisiko serta serostatusnya. Kesimpulan: WPS memandang bahwa HIV/AIDS dapat mengancam jiwa, dan menilai klinik VCT di Yogyakarta bermanfaat serta dapat memenuhi kebutuhannya. Namun sikap ini tidak dinyatakan dalam perilaku, sehingga masih banyak WPS yang tidak mau mengaksesnya. Oleh karena itu, peran penjangkau dalam menginformasikan VCT kepada WPS harus lebih dioptimalkan, yaitu dengan memberdayakan masyarakat setempat.

Background: The highest HIV/AIDS transmission in Yogyakarta was occurred through heterosexual. Female Sex Worker (FSW) in Yogyakarta was vulnerable toward HIV transmission. The number of FSW’s visit to VCT (voluntary counselling and testing) clinic in Yogyakarta was still low. This was caused by various perceptions that could not support their willingness to visit the clinic. Objective: This research was aimed to find out FSW’s perception in Yogyakarta toward VCT clinic. Method: This was a qualitative research that used phenomenology approach. The informants were 13 people who was consisted of FSW, counsellor and member of KPA in Yogyakarta Special Province (DIY). The data was collected with indepth interview that used main informant of FSW and was conducted with snow ball technique. In order to obtained data validity, triangulation, and member check was held. In addition, data analysis was conducted with constant comparative method. Result: FSW understood the danger of HIV/AIDS and this made them trying to prevent the transmission and detect the early status of HIV by visiting the VCT clinic. However, there were FSW who did not want to access it because they were afraid with the consequence occurred when confirmed with HIV infection. FSW were afraid when they were prohibited to work and left by customer as well as they were afraid with stigma and discrimination from the community. The method of VCT that was well implemented by health care provider as well as supported by friendly attitude and behavior in giving service, was greatly assisted the FSW in improving their understanding on HIV/AIDS and obtained information on risky behavior as well as the serostatus. Conclusion: FSW considered that HIV/AIDS could threatened their soul, and valued that VCT clinic in Yogyakarta was benefited as well as could fulfilled their need. However, this attitude was not actualized in behavior so that there were still many FSW who could not access it. Therefore, the role in informing VCT to the FSW should be optimalized that was by empowering the local community.

Kata Kunci : persepsi,wanita pekerja seks (WPS),HIV,AIDS,voluntary,counseling and testing (VCT)