Determinan perilaku merokok petugas kesehatan pasca penerapan kawasan tanpa rokok di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Agam Provinsi Sumatera Barat

ARNO, Dra. Yayi Suryo Prabandari, M.Si., Ph.D

2009 | Tesis | S2 Magister Perilaku Promosi Kesehatan

Latar belakang: Merokok merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat karena dapat menimbulkan berbagai penyakit dan kematian. Jumlah perokok di Indonesia, menurut data Survei Kesehatan Nasional 2001, terdiri dari 54,4% laki-laki dan 1,2% perempuan (BPOM, 2003). Pengendalian perilaku merokok salah satunya adalah penerapan kawasan tanpa rokok. Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Agam sangat berperan dalam memberikan contoh yang baik terhadap masyarakat, salah satunya adalah penerapan kawasan tanpa rokok. Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui determinan perilaku merokok petugas kesehatan pasca penerapan kawasan tanpa rokok di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Agam Propinsi Sumatera Barat. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian gabungan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Untuk penelitian kuantitatif, jenis penelitian deskriptif-analitik dengan rancangan cross-sectional dan penelitian kualitatif dilakukan untuk memperdalam. Sampel penelitian kuantitatif adalah seluruh populasi dan untuk penelitian kualitatif diambil secara purposive sampling. Analisis data untuk penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan analisis chi-square dan uji t-test tingkat signifikan p < 0,05. Untuk penelitian kualitatif, analisis data dimulai dengan menelaah data yang diperoleh melalui tahapan analisis data. Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara karakteristik responden dengan perilaku merokok (p > 0,05). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan responden dengan perilaku merokok p = 0,661, tetapi ada hubungan yang bermakna antara sikap dan persepsi petugas kesehatan terhadap perilaku merokok (p < 0,05). Analisis multivariat dengan menggunakan uji regresi logistik menunjukkan hanya sikap (p = 0,009) dan persepsi (p = 0,036) yang paling dominan dalam mempengaruhi perilaku merokok tenaga kesehatan pasca penerapan kawasan tanpa rokok di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Agam. Kesimpulan: Faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi perilaku merokok tenaga kesehatan pasca penerapan kawasan tanpa rokok adalah sikap di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Agam.

Background: Smoking is public health problem as it could caused various diseases and mortality. The number of smoker in Indonesia, according to the data of National Health Survey 2001 was consisted of 54.4% man and 1.2% woman (BPOM, 2003). One of the smoking behavior controls was the application of smoke free area. District Health Office of Agam had a great role in giving good example toward community which one of them was the application of smoke free area. Objective : This research was aimed to find out the determinant of smoking behavior of post application of smoke free area in the district health office of Agam, Province of West Sumatera. Method: This was a combined quantitative and qualitative research. Descriptive analytic was used in quantitative research with cross sectional design and qualitative research was further conducted to more understanding. The sample of quantitative research was all population and purposive sampling was conducted for qualitative approach. Data analysis was carried out for quantitative research that used chi square analysis and t test with significance level of p < 0.05. In qualitative research, the data analysis was started with data observation that was obtained with data analysis stages. Result : The research result showed that there was no correlation between respondent’s characteristics with smoking behavior (p > 0.05). There was no correlation between respondent’s knowledge with smoking behavior p = 0.661, but yet there was a significant correlation between attitude and perception of health care provider toward smoking behavior (p < 0.05). The multivariate analysis that was conducted by using logistic regression test showed that only attitude (p = 0.009) and perception (p = 0.036) was the most dominant factor in influencing smoking behavior of health care provider post application of smoke free area in the district health office of Agam. Conclusion: The most dominant factor that influenced the smoking behavior of health care provider post application of smoke free area was attitude in the district health office of Agam.

Kata Kunci : Rokok,Kawasan tanpa rokok,Pengetahuan,Sikap,Persepsi dan perilaku merokok,cigarette,smoke free area,knowledge,attitude,perception and behavior of smoking.