Analisis sistem insentif dalam kegiatan rehabilitasi hutan dan lahan :: Studi kasus di Kabupaten Tana Toraja Sulawesi Selatan

MAIRI, Kristian, Prof. Dr. Ir. H. Hasanu Simon

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara empirik tingkat keberhasilan Rehabilitasi Hutan Lahan (RHL) yang diujicoba di lapangan. Ujicoba tersebut adalah pola Model DAS Mikro (MDM) dan pola insentif. Kedua pola RHL tersebut terdapat pada satu catchment area yang sama. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian studi kasus (case studi) yang dilakukan dengan pendekatan metode dasar deskriptif analisis. Obyek kasus yang diamati dan dianalisis adalah masyarakat setempat dan kondisi hutan rakyat. Jumlah sampel masyarakat adalah sebesar 30% dari populasi yaitu 45 KK. Sedangkan intensitas sampling pola MDM sebesar 1,28% dan pola insentif sebesar 1,33% dari populasi hutan rakyat. Metode pengambilan sampel dilakuk an secara acak (random). Metode dianalisis yang digunakan adalah metode komparasi untuk memilih model yang terbaik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbandingan persentase tumbuh tanaman di lapangan pola insentif sebesar 49,31% sedang pola MDM sebesar 50,69%. Rata-rata tinggi tanaman untuk pola MDM adalah 4,1075 m, sedangkan untuk pola insentif sebesar 3,3580 m. Rata-rata diameter tanaman untuk pola MDM adalah 6,5963 cm, sedangkan untuk pola insentif sebesar 6,2600 cm. Uji T menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan secara nyata antara persen tumbuha tanaman, tinggi dan diameter di lapangan pada kedua pola RHL yang diteliti. Indikator biaya pembangunan tanaman per hektar relatif sama yaitu Rp. 3.539.250/Ha untuk pola insentif dan Rp. 3.496.000/Ha untuk pola MDM. Indikator manfaat langsung yang diterima masyarakat dari pola insentif lebih lebih besar yaitu Rp. 119.280.000, sedangkan dari pola MDM sebesar Rp. 23.320.000. Indikator dampak sosial pola insentif lebih banyak dirasakan masyarakat dari pola MDM. Indikator partispasi masyarakat pola insentif termasuk kategori sangat tinggi (82%) sedangkan pola MDM termasuk kategori tinggi (76%). Indikator eksistensi kelembagaan kelompok tani pola insentif lebih berkesinambungan dan terus berjalan paska bantuan sedangkan pola MDM kelembagaan kelompok tani terputus/berhenti paska proyek. Pola insentif RHL layak dilakukan dan dikembangkan karena memiliki sejumlah keunggulan komparatif dari pola MDM seperti manfaat langsung yang diperoleh masyarakat lebih besar, dampak sosial positif lebih banyak, partisipasi masyarakat lebih tinggi, dan eksistensi kelembagaan kelompok tani berkesinambungan, sedangkan indikator persen tumbuh, diamater dan tinggi tanaman tid ak berbeda nyata.

This research is to analyze empirically the level of success in Forest Land Rehabilitation (FLR) tested in field. The test is conducted on the Micro Watershed Model (MWM) pattern and incentive pattern. The two patterns of the forest land rehabilitation are located in the same catchment area. It is a case study research conducted using a descriptive approach. Objects of the research are local community and people’s forest condition. Number of the people sample is 30% of the population (45 Heads of Household), while intensity of sampling for the MWM was 1.28% and for the incentive pattern was 1.33% of all the population of people’s forest. The samples were collected by using a random technique. Analysis was done by using a comparative method of selecting the best model. Result of the comparative analysis shows that a percentage of plant growth in field for the incentive pattern was 49.31%, while that for the MWM pattern was 50.69%. The average height of plant for the MWM pattern was 4.1075 m, while that for the incentive pattern was 3.3580 m. The average diameter of plant for the MWM pattern was 6.5963 cm, while that for the incentive pattern was 6.2600 cm. The t-test indicates that there was no significant difference between the percentage of plant growth and average height and diameter in field for the two patterns of the forest land rehabilitation observed. Indicators for the development costs of plant per hectare were relatively the same, i.e. Rp 3,539,250.00/ha for the incentive pattern and Rp 3,496,000.00/ha for the MWM pattern. Direct benefit received by community from the incentive pattern was larger (Rp 119,280,000.00), while that from the MWM pattern was Rp 23,320,000.00. Social impact of the incentive pattern was felt more by local community from the MWM pattern. The community participation in the incentive pattern was included in greatly high category (82%), while for the MWM pattern included in high category (76%). Institutional existence of farmers group for the incentive pattern was more sustainable and continuous at post-aid project, while for the MWM pattern the farmers group ceased to exist after the project. The incentive pattern of forest land rehabilitation was highly reasonable to be done and developed, because it has a number of comparative superiority more than the MWM pattern, such as larger direct benefit received by local community, more positive social impact, higher local community participation, and sustainable institutional existence of farmers group, while the percentage of plant growth and average height and diamater were not significantly different.

Kata Kunci : Analisis komparasi,Insentif,Rehabilitasi hutan, Comparative Analysis, Incentive, Forest Land Rehabilitation