Pengaruh penambahan tanah dan bahan organik terhadap daya hidup dan pertumbuhan awal cemara udang pada gumuk pasir pantai Kebumen

NUGROHO, Agung Wahyu, Prof. Dr. Ir. Sumardi, M.For.Sc

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari program pengembangan teknik-teknik silvikultur untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan aforestasi pada gumuk pasir pantai. Pemapanan vegetasi alami pada gumuk pasir pantai menghadapi kendala kondisi lingkungan terutama suhu yang tinggi, kapasitas menahan air rendah, kadar unsur hara tersedia rendah dan angin yang kencang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh penambahan amelioran (tanah dan bahan organik) terhadap daya hidup dan pertumbuhan awal Cemara Udang pada gumuk pasir pantai selama musim kemarau. Penelitian dilaksanakan di gumuk pasir pantai Desa Sumberjati Kecamatan Ambal Kabupaten Kebumen mulai bulan April-Oktober 2008. Ada 2 (dua) faktor yang diuji yaitu: 1) penambahan tanah (0%, 20%, 40%), dan 2) penambahan bahan organik (0%, 10%, 30%, 50%). Jumlah keseluruhan perlakuan ada 12 unit dan setiap unit ada 20 tanaman. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan RCBD dengan 3 blok sebagai ulangan. Variabel yang diukur meliputi persen hidup dan pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi, diameter, berat kering). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penambahan amelioran (40% tanah dan 10% bahan organik) ke dalam media dasar pasir mampu meningkatkan daya hidup Cemara Udang sampai 78,3%. Penambahan tanah (20% dan 40%) ke dalam media dasar pasir mampu meningkatkan daya hidup Cemara Udang sebesar 60,83% dan 63,75%. Penambahan pupuk kandang 10% pada media dasar pasir mampu meningkatkan daya hidup Cemara Udang sebesar 65,55%, tetapi tidak berbeda pengaruhnya dengan penambahan pupuk kandang sebesar 30% dan 50%. Penambahan tanah (20% dan 40%) ke dalam media dasar pasir mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan tinggi Cemara Udang berturut-turut sebesar 60,52 cm dan 64,67 cm.

This research was part of large-scale project developing silvicultural techniques to improve afforestation success on coastal dune in Kebumen coastal area. Natural plant establishment of the coastal dune, in terms of the survival rate is hampered by harsh environmental conditions particularly low nutrient, low water holding capacity, high temperature and wind continuously moves sand along the land surface area. The purpose of this research is to examine the addition of ameliorant (soil surface and organic matter) to survival and growth Casuarina equisetifolia (var. incana) in coastal sand dune at dry season. This research was carried out at Kebumen beach area during dry season (April-October 2008). There are two factors to be tested, 1) addition of soil surface (v:v) (0%, 20%, 40%) and addition of organic matter (v:v) (0%, 10%, 30%, 50%). There are 12 treatments and each treatment 20 seedlings. Research Design use the RCBD by three blocks as replication. Variable of survival and growth C. equisetifolia (height, diameter, dry weight) is measured. The results showed that pre planting addition of ameliorant (40% soil and 10% composted organic matter) into sand basic medium increased the survival up to 78.3% of two months old C. equisetifolia seedling after planting. The addition of soil of both at 20% and 40% by volume increased the survival seedlings significantly at average of 60.83% and 63.75% respectively. The addition of organic matter at 10% by volume increased the survival seedlings significantly at average of 65.55% respectively. No significant survival effect was found arts the addition of 30% and 50% organic matter on the basic sand medium. The addition of soil of both at 20% and 40% increased the growth seedlings significantly at average of 60.52 cm and 64.67 cm respectively of six months old C. equisetifolia seedling after planting.

Kata Kunci : Teknik silvikultur,Gumuk pasir,Daya hidup,Pertumbuhan,Amelioran, Silvicultural techniques, Sand dune, Survival, Growth, Ameliorant