Analisis skema kredit dan modal sosial dalam pengembangan usaha hutan rakyat :: Studi kasus di Desa Sirnabaya Kecamatan Rajadesa dan Desa Sidamulih Kecamatan Pamarican, Kabupaten Ciamis

FAUZIYAH, Eva, Prof. Dr. Ir. San Afri Awang; M.Sc

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai kondisi sosial ekonomi petani, kondisi hutan rakyat, serta kondisi kredit pada perbankan, mendapatkan rumusan skema kredit usaha hutan rakyat, dan memperoleh informasi mengenai kondisi modal sosial dan peranannya dalam kemungkinan implementasi skema kredit usaha hutan rakyat. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Sirnabaya Kecamatan Rajadesa dan Desa Sidamulih Kecamatan Pamarican, Kabupaten Ciamis, Jawa Barat. Unit analisis dalam penelitian ini adalah petani hutan rakyat sebanyak 30 responden setiap desa yang dipilih secara acak, kemudian perbankan dan instansi terkait yang diambil secara sengaja. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara mendalam dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi sosial ekonomi petani di kedua lokasi relatif homogen. Berdasarkan pendekatan pengeluaran sebanyak 56,67% keluarga petani di Desa Sirnabaya dan 23,33% di Desa Sidamulih tergolong miskin. Kondisi hutan rakyat di Desa Sirnabaya dan di Desa Sidamulih relatif sama, namun jika dilihat dari jumlah pohon per hektar dan kontribusinya terhadap pendapatan keluarga, maka kondisi hutan rakyat di Desa Sidamulih lebih baik dibandingkan hutan rakyat di Desa Sirnabaya. Kondisi kredit perbankan baik pada bank konvensional maupun bank syariah masih belum sejalan dengan karakteristik usaha hutan rakyat. Ada dua alternatif skema kredit yang memungkinkan untuk usaha hutan rakyat. Alternatif pertama diberikan pada petani yang tergolong miskin, kondisi hutan rakyat kurang baik, dan modal sosial rendah. Alternatif kedua adalah untuk petani yang tidak tergolong miskin, kondisi hutan rakyatnya baik, dan modal sosial sedang. Tingkat kecukupan modal sosial di Desa Sidamulih lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kondisi modal sosial di Desa Sirnabaya, dengan skor masing - masing 60,96 yang berarti sedang dan 54,63 yang berarti rendah. Kondisi modal sosial ini sebagian komponennya memiliki hubungan dengan karakteristik sosial ekonomi petani, namun tidak memiliki hubungan yang erat dengan kemungkinan implementasi skema kredit usaha hutan rakyat.

The aims of this research were to identify the socio-economic characteristics of privately owned forest and their forest performances; credit scheme performances of related banks, to formulate privately owned forest credit schemes, and also to find out the social capital performance as well as the role related to the possibility of the scheme implementation. The study was conducted in Sirnabaya Village, Rajadesa Sub-District and Sidamulih Village, Pamarican Sub-District; Ciamis Regency, West Java Province. The unit of analysis of this research was privately owned forest with 30 respondents every village which was selected by random methode, then banks and relevant institutions, which were taken by purposive methode. Data were collected through in-depth interview and then analyzed descriptively. The results of research were the characteristic of privately owned forest in both villages were relatively homogenous. Based on the expenditure approach, the farmers in Sirnabaya village could be categorized as poor farmers (56, 67 %); meanwhile those on Sidamulih villages were not (only 23, 33 % were poor farmers). The privately owned forest performance both in Sidamulih and Sirnabaya villages were relatively similar. However, the former was relatively better in terms of stand density and its contribution to the farmers income. The banks credit performance both in the conventional and the islamic banks were not interface yet with the privately forest business characteristics. There were two schemes of recommended potential credit schemes for privately owned forest development. The first alternative was given to the poor farmers; their privately owned forest performances were not good and their social capital was low. The second one was given to the farmers which were not poor; their privately owned forest performances were good, and their social capital was in the middle level. The sufficience level of social capital in Sidamulih village was higher than the one in Sirnabaya Village having 60.96 (moderate) and 54.63 (low) in score respectively. Some parameters of the social capital significantly related to the farmer socio-economic characteristics, but not to the possibility of privately owned forest scheme credits implementations.

Kata Kunci : Skema kredit,Hutan rakyat,Modal sosial,Bank, credit scheme, privately owned forest, social capital