Evaluasi uji keturunan Araucaria cunninghamii Aiton ex D. Don sampai dengan umur 5 tahun di Sumber Weringin Bondowoso Jawa Timur

SETIADI, Dedi, Prof. Dr. Ir. Mohammad Na'iem, M.Agr

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Evaluasi uji keturunan Araucaria (Araucaria cunninghamii Aiton ex D.Don) sampai dengan umur 5 tahun bertujuan untuk : (1) mengetahui variasi genetik sumber benih yang diuji, (2) mengetahui besarnya taksiran heritabilitas sumber benih dan menduga perolehan genetik yang dicapai, (3) mengetahui keeratan hubungan (korelasi genetik) beberapa sifat, (4) mengetahui famili- famili terbaik. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tanaman uji keturunan Araucaria cunninghamii Aiton ex D. Don, yang dibangun pada tahun 2002. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD), dengan 8 blok / ulangan, 4 tree plot, menggunakan 28 famili dengan jarak tanam 4 x 3 m. Evaluasi yang dilakukan pada uji keturunan ini sampai dengan umur 5 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat variasi genetik yang signifikan untuk karakter tinggi, diameter, volume kayu dan kelurusan batang. Taksiran nilai heritabilitas sifat tinggi umur 1 thn, 3 thn, dan 5 thn sebesar 0,44 – 0,48 termasuk klasifikasi menengah, umur 2 thn dan 4 thn sebesar 0,15-0,32 termasuk klasifikasi rendah. Taksiran nilai heritabilitas sifat diameter umur 1 thn, 2 thn, 3 thn, dan 5 thn sebesar 0,21 – 0,36 termasuk klasifikasi rendah, umur 4 thn sebesar 0,61 termasuk klasifikasi tinggi. Taksiran nilai heritabilitas sifat volume umur 1 thn, 4 thn dan 5 thn sebesar 0,42 – 0,52 termasuk klasifikasi menengah, umur 2 thn dan 3 thn sebesar 0,23 – 0,37 termasuk klasifikasi rendah. Korelasi genetik sampai dengan umur 5 thn antara diameter dan tinggi menunjukan nilai positif dengan hasil berkisar 0,47 – 0,62, diameter dan volume berkisar 0,77 – 0,94, korelasi kelurusan batang dengan jumlah ruas 0,76 dan jumlah cabang dengan jumlah ruas 0,99 menunjukan hubungan yang sangat kuat. Perolehan genetik sampai dengan umur 5 tahun untuk sifat tinggi berturut-turut sebesar 2,29%, 1,28%, 2,57%, 2,51% dan 7,50%. Sifat diameter berturut-turut sebesar 1,59%, 1,02%, 0,64%, 6,25% dan 2,87% sedangkan sifat volume sebesar 4,57%, 5,30%, 3,19%, 9,99% dan 7,33%. Famili terbaik yang selalu masuk lima besar sampai dengan umur 5 thn ditunjukan oleh famili No. 4 dari asal sebaran benih (P3-Nerwah II), famili No. 20 dari asal sebaran benih (P11-Tuan), No famili 8 dari asal sebaran benih (P9-Nerwah II).

The objectives of this research were : (1) to determine genetic variation of families from several seed sources, (2) to estimate the heritability of families from several seed sources and expected genetic gains, (3) to calculate genetic correlation of various growth traits, and (4) to find out the best family of the tested families. The trial examined in this work was planted in 2002. The trial was designed as a Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD) which compris ed 28 seedlots, 4 tree line plots with 8 replicates. The trial was planted at a spacing of 4 x 3 meters. The trial was assessed when it was at 1 to 5 year old. The study showed that there were significant variations for all growth traits i.e. tree height, diameter, volume and stem form. The estimations of heritability of tree height at age of 1, 3 and 5 years old were ranged from 0.44 to 0.48 which is classified as moderate. However, when plants were at age of 2 and 4 years old the heritability of this traits was estimated to be low (ranged from 0.15 to 0.32). The estimation of heritability of tree diameter at age 1,2,3 and 5 years old varied from 0.21 to 0.36 which is classified as low. On the other hand the heritability height (0.61) when plants were at 4 year old. The estimations of heritability of tree volume at age of 1.4 and 5 years old varied from 0.42 to 0.52 which is classified as moderate. However when plantss were at age of 2 and 3 years old the heritability of this traits was estimated to be lo w (which ranged from 0.32 to 0.37). The genetic correlation between height and diameter at age of up to 5 year old was positive which was ranged from 0.47 to 0.62. The genetic correlation between diameter and volume varied from 0.77 to 0.94, and 0.76 of the genetic correlation between stem form and number of internodes. There was a strong relationship (0.94) between number of branch and number of internodes. The expected genetic gain for tree height were 2,29%, 1.28%, 2.57%, 2.51%, and 7.50% when trial was assessed at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 year old respectively. The expected genetic gain for tree diameter were 1.59%, 1.02%, 0.64%, 6.25% and 2.87% when trial was assessed at 1,2 ,3 4, and 5 year old respectively. The expected genetic gain for tree volume were 4.57%, 5.30%, 3.19%, 9.99% and 7.33% when trial was assessed at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 year old respectively. The best families at this trial were family number 4 (P3-Nerwah II), family No. 20 (P11-Tuan), family No 8 (P9- Nerwah II). These families were appeared in the best five families at every year of evaluation i.e. 1 to 5 year old.

Kata Kunci : Uji keturunan,Heritabilitas,Perolehan genetik,Korelasi genetik, Araucaria cunninghamii Aiton ex D.Don, progeny test, heritability, genetic gain, genetic corellation.