Studi perencanaan pengelolaan hutan berbasis kearifan masyarakat Mamasa

TANDIPUANG, Kenan, Prof. Dr. Ir. Hasanu Simon, MS

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Kabupaten Mamasa memiliki wilayah yang sangat strategis karena berlokasi pada bagian hulu DAS Mamasa, DAS Mapilli, dan sebagian wilayah hulu DAS Sa'dang. Sungai Mamasa berfungsi sebagai sumber energi pembangkit listrik tenaga air (PLTA) Bakaru, merupakan pembangkit energi listrik terbesar di Pulau Sulawesi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji: bentuk-bentuk kearifan masyarakat lokal dalam aktifitas pemanfaatan lahan hutan, upaya perlindungan dan pelestarian fungsi ekosistem hutan, dan merumuskan perencanaan model pengelolaan hutan berbasis kearifan masyarakat Mamasa. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif mengacu pada metode penelitian naturalistik kualitatif. Penelitian dilaksanakan di 3 desa yang dipilih secara purposive yaitu; Desa Orobua Timur, Desa Orobua Selatan dan Desa Lisuan Ada’, wilayah ke 3 desa merupakan daerah hulu DAS Mamasa - Sulawesi Barat Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat di Kabupaten Mamasa memandang hutan sebagai sumber kehidupan, pemanfaatan hutan dan tindakan perlindungan dilakukan berdasarkan nilai, pengetahuan dan praktik-praktik tradisional yang berwawasan lingkungan. Kearifan Ma’lianan (perladangan tradisional) dan kearifan Pangngala Ombo (hutan larangan), adalah bentuk hubungan masyarakat dengan hutan yang stabil. Dengan kebijakan paradigma social forestry, sehingga perencanaan insentif-artukulatif pengelolaan hutan yang mengacu pada model management regime dan mengadopsi nilai-nilai kearifan ma’lianan dan pangngala ombo, dihasilkan model MR IV Plus dan model MR K Plus sebagai rumusan perencanaan model pengelolaan hutan berbasis kearifan masyarakat Mamasa.

Custom forest is state’s forest which is located in a custom law society area. Functional attribute it has (one of them is custom forest) had caused forest as an object intensively used by various parties of society, states and private. So the various condition of forest which is still good and preserved experiencing degradation, even changing its function. The objective of the research is to know aspects affecting custom forest preservation, to know natural resources maintenance pattern in custom forest by custom society and to know custom forest preservation and conservation participation attempt level from society. Sasak Tribal People around pawang forest in Lombok Barat Region, Lombok Island, Nusa Tenggara Barat province as one of them various custom on Nusantara. It’s have custom for management natural recourses on pawang forest (community forest). Data gathered then analyzed with Linear Regression Analysis and One-Way Cruscal Walls Variance Analysis to know aspects affecting custom forest preservation, meanwhile to know natural resources maintenance pattern and custom society’s participation level in the attempt to preserve and converse custom forest with Descriptive Analysis. Research result shows aspects affecting custom forest preservation is society’s participation (x6) with concede value with forest condition and prosperity rate (x7) and inversely with forest condition. The regression equation is Y = 1,266 + 0,388(X6) – 0,342(X7). Society’s participation in the attempt to preserve and converse natural resources (custom forest) are: basic understanding about custom forest was noted understand for average 60%, participation of physiological/skill has a low value (only 5%), society physical participation 45% involved and contribute, and society’s material participation for 64% involved and contribute. Natural resources maintenance pattern by custom society is done carefully, started from planning to monitoring and controlling is managed and preserved with a traditional wisdom (awiq-awiq).

Kata Kunci : Kearifan masyarakat,Ma'lianan,Pangngala ombo,Social forestry,Perencanaan,Pengelolaan hutan, Custom Forest, Participation, traditional wisdom