Disparitas antarkecamatan di Kabupaten Sanggau Provinsi Kalimantan Barat, 1994-2007

JANUARDI, Ade Wawan, Drs. Ahmad Jamli, M.A

2009 | Tesis | S2 Magister Ekonomika Pembangunan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis disparitas pendapatan antarkecamatan, mengetahui gambaran pola dan struktur pertumbuhan ekonomi masing-masing kecamatan, serta mengetahui apakah pola pembangunan ekonomi di Kabupaten Sanggau berjalan sesuai hipotesis Kuznets. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah koefisien Gini, indeks Entropi Theil, Tipologi Klassen, dan analisis trend serta korelasi Pearson. Data yang digunakan ialah data sekunder, terdiri dari PDRB, PDRB per kapita, dan jumlah penduduk dari periode tahun 1994-2007. Data diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Sanggau, baik dalam bentuk per kecamatan ataupun Kabupaten Sanggau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa disparitas pendapatan antarkecamatan menunjukkan adanya kecenderungan penurunan. Namun demikian disparitas tersebut tergolong tinggi atau sangat timpang. Ketimpangan lebih besar pada periode sebelum pemekaran kabupaten dibanding periode setelah pemekaran kabupaten, baik diukur dari koefisien Gini (KG) ataupun dari indeks Entropi Theil (T). Sebelum pemekaran rata-rata KG = 0,5665 dan rata-rata T = 0,0496, sedangkan setelah pemekaran rata-rata KG = 0,5219 dan rata-rata T = 0,0449. Diketahui dari hasil analisis Tipologi Klassen bahwa tiga kecamatan di Kabupaten Sanggau diklasifikasikan sebagai daerah maju, dua kecamatan diklasifikasikan sebagai daerah maju dan tapi tertekan, empat kecamatan diklasifikasikan sebagai daerah berkembang, dan enam kecamatan diklasifikasikan sebagai daerah relatif terbelakang. Untuk kasus di Kabupaten Sanggau selama periode pengamatan tidak terbukti berlaku hipotesis Kuznets. Hubungan yang terjadi antara pertumbuhan ekonomi dengan indeks ketimpangan (koefisien Gini dan indeks Entropi Theil) sangat lemah.

This study objectives were to analyze income disparity between sub-districts, identify figures of economic growth structure and patterns of each sub-district, and find economic development patterns in Sanggau Regency according to Kuztesis hypothesis. Analytic tools used in this study were Gini coefficient, Theil Entropy index, Klassen typology, and trend analysis and Pearson correlation. Data used were secondary data, consisting of PDRB, PDRB per capitam and total population from 1994 to 2007. Data were collected from Central Statistic Board of Sanggau Regency, both in forms of sub-district and regency of Sanggau. Results of study indicated that income disparity of sub-districts showed presence of reduction tendency. However, the disparity was considered to be high or highly unbalanced. The unbalance was higher than period before district development than period after district development, measured by both Gini coefficient (KG) and Theil Entropy index (T). Before development, average KG = 0.5665 and average T = 0.0496; whereas, after development, average KG = 0.5219 and average T = 0.0449 From results of analysis of Klassen Typology, it was found that three sub-districts in Sanggau district were classified into developed areas, two were classified into developed but distressed areas, four were classified into developing areas, and six were classified into relatively undeveloped areas. Shown that during the observing period in Sanggau Regency is proven not existing Kuznets Hypotesis. Relation between economic growth and unbalance index (Gini coefficient and Theil Entropy index) was extremely weak.

Kata Kunci : Disparitas pendapatan,Pertumbuhan ekonomi,PDRB per kapita,income disparity,economic growth,PDRB per capita