An assessment of the performance and sustainability of microfinance institutions :: Case study of Cecam Madagascar

NATHALIE, Rasolonjatovo Rianala, Lincolin Arsyad, Ph.D

2009 | Tesis | S2 Magister Ekonomika Pembangunan

Lembaga-lembaga pembiayaan mikro telah muncul seiring dengan industri yang tumbuh untuk menyediakan jasa-jasa keuangan kepada rakyat miskin. Sampai saat ini, pembiayaan mikro berfokus terutama pada penyediaan kredit mikro untuk perusahaan-perusahaan kecil. Tetapi, sekarang diakui bahwa rakyat miskin dan rakyat di tempat terpencil membutuhkan jasa-jasa keuangan yang beraneka ragam dan tidak hanya kredit.Maka dari itu pembiayaan mikro saat ini telah bergeser mengarah pada penyediaan jasa-jasa keuangan termasuk kredit, tabungan, dan asuransi untuk perusahaan kecil dan rumah tangga. Penilaian kinerja dan kesinambungan lembaga-lembaga pembiayaan mikro adalah penting untuk mengetahui seberapa jauh keberadaan lembaga-lembaga tersebut mampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan sosial rakyat miskin dan terpencil dan seberapa bagus indikator-indikator kinerja tersebut, kesinambungannya dan target lembaga itu sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur kinerja dan kesinambungan lembaga-lembaga pembiayaan mikro CECAM di Madagaskar dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Indikator-indikator kinerja meliputi indikator-indikator keuangan termasuk kualitas portofolio, produktivitas dan efisiensi, kesinambungan keuangan, likuiditas dan solvabilitas, profitabilitas, leverage dan modal kerja; dan target klien dan staf, target kredit, dan target tabungan. Berdasarkan data dari laporan keuangan CECAM di sembilan wilayah administratif yang berlokasi di daerah terpencil pada tahun 2006 dan 2007, dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif, penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa jaringan CECAM di Madagaskar telah mencapai indikator kinerja yang bagus. Diteliti juga bahwa pencapaian CECAM mengalami trend yang naik untuk hampir semua indikator. Dengan kinerja dan kesinambungan yang bagus, CECAM mempunyai dampak positif terhadap kesejahteraan sosial dan situasi perekonomian klien dan rakyat.

Microfinance institutions have emerged as a growing industry to provide financial services to very poor people. Until recently, microfinance focused primarily on providing microcredit for microenterprises. Now, however, there is recognition that poor people and rural people need a variety of financial services, not just credit. Current microfinance has therefore moved towards providing a range of financial services, including credit, savings and insurance, to poor enterprises and households. Appraising the performance and sustainability of microfinance institutions are important to know how far the existence of such institutions may ameliorate the social welfare of the poor and rural people and how good are the indicators of the performance, sustainability, and outreach of the institutions himself. This research aims to assess the performance and sustainability of microfinance institutions of CECAM in Madagascar and its affecting factors. The performance indicators assessed include financial indicators including portfolio quality, productivity and efficiency, financial viability, liquidity and solvency, profitability, leverage and capital; and outreach where the indicators are clients and staff outreach, loan outreach, saving outreach. Based on data from financial reports of CECAM within nine administrative regions located in rural area in 2006 and 2007 and using descriptive approach, this study revealed that CECAM network in Madagascar have achieved good performance indicators. It is also observed that the outreach of CECAM experienced an increasing trend for almost all indicators. Considering as having good performance, CECAM have positive impact in the social benefits and economic situation for its clients and the people by using outreach as proxy.

Kata Kunci : Lembaga pembiayaan mikro,Kesinambungan,Target,microfinance institutions, performance, sustainability, outreach