Implementasi asas kebebasan berkontrak dalam kontrak baku pada perjanjian jual beli satuan rumah susun bukan hunian di Kota Makassar

GAZALI, Muh Emil, RA Antari Innaka T, S.H., M.H

2009 | Tesis | S2 Magister Kenotariatan

Tesis ini bertujuan menganalisis penerapan asas kebebasan berkontrak dalam perjanjian jual beli satuan rumah susun bukan hunian dan bentuk penegakan hukum jika terjadi pelanggaran perjanjian di antara para pihak dalam perjanjian jual beli satuan rumah susun bukan hunian di Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada PT. Baktimitra Investama. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara penelitian lapangan melalui wawancara, dokumentasi dan pengamatan. Sementara iu, penelitian kepustakaan dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data sekunder. Data penelitian ini dianalisis secara kualitatif dan diuraikan secara deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode induktif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa asas kebebasan berkontrak dalam perjanjian jual beli satuan rumah susun bukan hunian di kota Makassar tidak diterapkan sebagaimana mestinya karena pembeli tidak diberikan kesempatan atau hak untuk melakukan negosiasi terhadap format perjanjian dan substansi/isi perjanjian tetapi pembeli hanya diperhadapkan pada dua pilihan, yaitu setuju atau tidak setuju terhadap format dan isi perjanjian tersebut. Sementara itu, pelanggaran hukum atas perjanjian jual beli satuan rumah susun bukan hunian dapat diselesaikan dengan 3 (tiga) cara, yaitu: (a) apabila terjadi wanprestasi, maka pihak yang melakukan wanprestasi dapat dikenakan denda sebagai konpensasi atas kerugian yang timbul akibat wanprestasi, atau pembatalan perjanjian disertai pengembalian pembayaran; (b) apabila terjadi overmacht, perjanjian dapat dihentikan dan para pihak kembali pada keadaan semula atau para pihak tersebut menunda pelaksanaan kewajiban mereka sampai keadaan kembali normal. Selain itu, jika terjadi overmacht pada saat obyek perjanjian telah diserahkan, maka claim mengenai obyek perjanjian dilakukan melalui lembaga asuransi, dan; (c) jika terjadi sengketa yang berkenaan dengan perjanjian, maka penyelesaiannya dapat dilakukan dengan 2 (dua) cara, yaitu cara musyawarah baik oleh para pihak maupun melalui mediator dan penyelesaian melalui pengadilan. Namun demikian, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perselisihan yang penyelesaiannya berlanjut ke pengadilan belum pernah terjadi.

The objective of this study was to analyze the implementation of freedom principles of contract on flat house trading contract of non-occupied house and the form of law enforcement if there was found an infraction of law in contract among the contracting parties on the flat house trading contract of non-occupied house at city of Makassar. The study was conducted at the Baktimitra Investama Ltd. The data were collected through interview, documentation, and observation. Library research was done to collect the secondary data. The data was analyzed qualitatively and described descriptively by inductive method. The results of the study indicated that the implementation of freedom principles of contract on flat house trading contract of non-occupied house had not been working at city of Makassar because of the buyers not be given an opportunity or the rights to negotiate the contract form and the contents of trading contract. They just were given two choices, namely accept or not accept the contents of trading contract. Meanwhile the infraction of law for the flat house trading contract of non-occupied house could be finished with 3 ways, that is: (a) if there was an infraction of law in contract (wanprestasi), the side that doing an infraction of law might pay a fine as a compensation for loss that was caused by an infraction of law (wanprestasi), or cancelation of contract with return of payment; (b) if an overmatch was happened, the contract could be stopped and the contracting parties could be back in previous, or they could delayed their duty until situation had been normally. Meanwhile, if an overmatch was happened when the contract had been offered, the contracting objects could be claimed through insurance institution, and; (c) there are two ways to solve any dispute, that is discussion by the contracting parties or with a mediator and through the court. However, the result of this research showed that any dispute ended in court had never happened.

Kata Kunci : Asas kebebasan berkontrak, Kontrak baku,Perjanjian jual beli, Rumah susun bukan hunian, Freedom Principles of Contract, Contract Standard, Contract Trading, Non-Occupied House.