Perbandingan efektivitas antibiotik thiamfenikol dan ofloksasin pada demam tifoid pasien rawat jalan Rumah Sakit Panti Waluyo Purworejo

DEWI, Lucia Vita Inandha, Prof. Dr. Zullies Ikawati, Apt

2009 | Tesis | S2 Magister Farmasi Klinik

Pengantar :Thiamfenikol dan Ofloksasin adalah antibiotik yang paling sering digunakan dalam terapi demam tifoid di Rumah Sakit Panti Waluyo Purworejo. Untuk membandingkan efektifitas kedua antibiotik tersebut, maka diadakan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan efektivitas diantara kedua antibiotik berdasarkan hasil pemantauan klinis pasien setelah meminum antibiotika. Metode : Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental pada pasien rawat jalan RS Panti Waluyo Purworejo, yang telah didiagnosis oleh dokter menderita demam tifoid. Subyek penelitian dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu 18 subyek mendapat antibiotik thiamfenikol 500 mg tiga kali sehari, dan 19 pasien mendapatkan antibiotik ofloksasin 200 mg dua kali sehari. Pengamatan dimulai sejak pasien meminum obat sampai dengan kunjungan pasien berikutnya pada waktu periksa ulang dengan melihat dan mencatat hasil klinis pasien berupa lama hilangnya demam dan hilangnya gejala lain sejak minum antibiotik dalam hitungan hari. Data kemudian dicatat dan dilakukan analisa statistik menggunakan uji ”t” dengan taraf kepercayaan 95 % Hasil : Hilangnya demam pada pasien yang menerima antibiotik thiamfenikol rata-rata terjadi pada hari ke 3,5 sedangkan untuk pasien yang menerima antibiotik ofloxacin rata-rata terjadi pada hari ke 1,9. Selisih waktu hilangnya demam antara keduanya adalah 1,6 hari. Nilai p < 0.05 menunjukkan ada perbedaan bermakna terhadap rata-rata lama hari hilangnya demam yang ditimbulkan oleh kedua antibiotika tersebut. Hilangnya gejala lain yang dialami oleh pasien demam tifoid yang menggunakan antibiotik thiamfenikol rata-rata terjadi pada hari ke 3.2 dan rata-rata terjadi pada hari ke 3,0 pada pasien yang menggunakan antibiotik ofloxacin. Selisih keduanya adalah 0.2 hari. Nilai p > 0.05. menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna terhadap lama hari hilangnya gejala lain yang disebabkan oleh kedua antibiotika tersebut. Kesimpulan : Ofloksasin lebih efektif daripada thiamfenikol bila diamati dari respon klinis yang ditimbulkan berupa hilangnya demam, namun tidak berbeda efektivitasnya bila dilihat dari hilangnya gejala lain yang terjadi pada demam tifoid.

Objective : Thiampenicol and ofloxacin are two antibiotics that most frequently used for the medication of typhoid fever in Panti Waluyo Hospital in Purworejo. To compare the effectiveness of both antibiotics, a research project was conducted wich aimed at recognizing the effectivity of them based on the result of clinical observation toward the patients after taking the antibiotics. Methods : The research was conducted using experimental method with out patient care in Panti Waluyo Hospital Purworejo. They had been diagnosed as having typhoid fever. The subjects were monitoring into two groups: 18 subjects got 500 mg thiamphenicol antibiotic wich was taken three times a day, the other 19 subjects got 200 mg ofloxacin taken twice a day. The observation was done since the first day the patients took the medication until their subsequent visit for the check-up. The clinical result of the patient were noted and investigated to see how many days the fever and other clinical symptoms subside after taking the antibiotics. Having noted the data, a statistical analysis was carried out using ”t” test with the level of confidence is 95%. Results : The result of study demonstrate that the means the fever subside for the patients who had taken thiampenicol occured on day 3.5, whereas the means of the end of the fever for the patients who had taken ofloxacin occured on the 1.9 day. The time difference of the end of the fever between the two kinds of antibiotics is 1.6 day. Value p < 0.05, reveals that there is a significant difference between the two antibiotics regarding the end of the fever. The means of other clinical symptoms concerning the typhoid fever for the patients who had taken thiampenicol occured on day 3.2. Whereas the means of these symptoms for the patients who had taken ofloxacin occured on day 3,0 The difference between these antibiotics is 0.2 day. Value p > 0.05 The statistical analysis demonstrates that there is no significant difference toward the duration of the end of other clinical symptoms generated by both antibiotics. Concludes : It can be concluded that Ofloxacin is more effective than thiampenicol in terms of clinical respons towards the end of fever, however both antibiotics do not show a difference in terms of the response toward other clinical symptoms.

Kata Kunci : Demam tifoid,Efektivitas antibiotik,Respon klinis,Pasien rawat jalan,Typhoid fever,antibiotics effectivity,clinical respons,outpatient