Pemberian multi-mikronutrient fortifikasi dan pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan balita keluarga miskin di Kota Jakarta Utara

MURSALIM, dr. M. Jufrie, Spa(K), Ph.D

2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar belakang: Balita keluarga miskin merupakan kelompok rawan yang cenderung mendapat makanan yang tidak memenuhi kecukupan gizi (mikronutrien) sesuai kebutuhan, sehingga akan mengganggu proses pertumbuhan. Beberapa penelitian menyatakan bahwa supplementasi mikronutrien memberi pengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan balita. Oleh karenanya perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang pemberian multi-mikronutrien fortifikasi dan pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan balita keluarga miskin. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pemberian multi-mikronutrien fortifikasi dan pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan balita keluarga miskin usia 6-59 bulan. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah pre-experiment dengan rancangan one group pre test - post test design. Subjek penelitian adalah balita keluarga miskin usia 6-59 bulan yang mendapat multi-mikronutrien fortifikasi. Pemberian multi-mikronutrien fortifikasi dilakukan seminggu sekali (1 sachet/hari) berlangsung selama 4 bulan. Pengumpulan data karakteristik keluarga dan identitas subyek dilakukan pada awal penelitian. Pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi/panjang badan, recall konsumsi, data penyakit infeksi (ISPA dan diare), dilakukan pada awal dan akhir penelitian. Hasil: Berdasarkan uji statistik, terdapat peningkatan yang bermakna (P<0,05) pada berat badan, tinggi/panjang badan, dan status gizi (nilai z-skor) menurut indeks BB/TB(PB), BB/U, dan adanya penurunan yang bermakna terhadap penyakit ISPA dan diare pada balita keluarga miskin usia 6-59 bulan setelah diberikan multi-mikronutrien fortifikasi yang mengandung vitamin A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, asam folat, vitamin C, D3, E, Fe, dan Zn. Kesimpulan: Pemberian multi-mikronutrien fortifikasi dapat meningkatkan berat badan, tinggi/panjang badan dan status gizi (nilai z-skor) imenurut ndeks BB/TB(PB) dan BB/U serta menurunkan penyakit ISPA dan diare pada balita keluarga miskin usia 6-59 bulan.

Background: Underfives from poor communities are susceptible group that will unlikely have sufficient nutrition (micronutrient) meanwhile this micronutrient is essential for growth. Some studies show the supplementation of micronutrient has good effects to child growth. Therefore it is necessary to study the supply of fortified multi-micronutrient and its effect to growth of underfives from poor communities. Objective: To identify the supply of fortified multi micronutrient and its effect to growth of underfives of 6-59 months from poor communities. Method: The study was a pre-experiment that used a group pre test - post test design. Subject were underfives of 6-59 months from poor communities that got fortified multi micronutrient. The intervention of fortified multi micronutrient supply was given once a week (1 sachet/day) within 4 months. Data of family characteristics and identity of the subject were collected at the beginning of the study. Measurement of physical weight and height/length, consumption recall, collection of data on disease infection (acute respiratory tract and diarrhea) were carried out at the beginning and end of the study. Result: The result of statistics test showed there was significant increase (P<0.05) in weight, height/length and nutrition status (z-score) to index of weight for height/length, height for age, and that there was significant descent to acute respiratory tract infection and diarrhea of underfives of 6-59 months from poor communities after the supply of fortified micronutrient containing vitamin A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, folate acid, vitamin C, D3, E, Fe and Zinc. Conclusion: The supply of fortified multi micronutrient could increase weight, height/length and nutrition status (z score), index of weight for height/length and index of weight for age and decreased of acute respiratory tract infection and diarrhea disease in underfives of 6-59 months from poor communities.

Kata Kunci : Multi,mikronutrien fortifikasi,Pertumbuhan balita,Asupan zat gizi,Penyakit infeksi (ISPA dan diare),fortified multi micronutrient,growth of underfives,nutrient intake,infectious disease (acute respiratory tract infection and diarrhea)